Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41796808›Full record

ReviewAmerican journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons2026

Immuno-imaging in solid organ transplantation.

Rianne J F Maas, Iris Versteeg, Lisanne C de Jong, Zahi Fayad, Erik H J G Aarntzen, Willem J M Mulder, Abraham J P Teunissen, Raphaël Duivenvoorden

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Rianne J F MaasDepartment of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Iris VersteegDepartment of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Lisanne C de JongDepartment of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Zahi FayadBiomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Erik H J G AarntzenDepartment of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Willem J M MulderDepartment of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Abraham J P TeunissenBiomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Raphaël DuivenvoordenDepartment of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA. Electronic address: Raphael.Duivenvoorden@radboudumc.nl.

Funding

Project 2: The New Era of Cellular Therapies For Lung Transplant ToleranceU19AI174967 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Joren C Madsen · 2023 to 2026
$18.8M
Using trained immunity-inhibiting nanobiologics to achieve tolerance of heart allografts in non-human primatesP01AI168258 · NIAID · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI Zahi A. Fayad, Joren C Madsen · 2023 to 2026
$14.7M
NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI168258NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI174967
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Organ transplantation is a life-saving treatment for patients with end-stage organ failure. However, graft rejection remains a major challenge despite advances in immunosuppression. The current gold standard for diagnosing graft rejection involves invasive tissue biopsies, which can be risky for certain patients. Biopsies also provide no spatiotemporal information, limiting insight into the dynamic immune processes driving graft rejection. Immuno-imaging is increasingly explored as a noninvasive tool to diagnose graft rejection and evaluate treatment efficacy. However, the clinical application of this approach remains limited. In this review, we described how various imaging techniques can illuminate graft-related immune responses in solid organ transplantation. We discussed the progress made in biomarker identification and tracer development, including those informing on metabolic processes, immune cell dynamics, and antibody responses. We also compared immuno-imaging with other minimally invasive techniques for diagnosing graft rejection and described our vision for how it can be best integrated into the clinic.

Indexed as

Diagnostic ImagingGraft RejectionOrgan TransplantationAnimalsHumansPositron-Emission Tomographygraft rejectionmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)myeloid cellspositron emission tomography (PET)T cellsultrasound

Identifiers

PMID41796808
PMCPMC13006789

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.