Decoding the glycan shield: Immune recognition and response to the HIV-1 envelope trimer.

Fathima Zahra Nawaz, Trevor M Adams, Mariye Erol Demirturk, Fikri Y Avci

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

HIV-1 Env Heterogeneity: Cleavage, Trafficking, and Antigenic Consequences for Virions and Infected Cells.Viruses · 2026
Review

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Fathima Zahra NawazDepartment of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Trevor M AdamsDepartment of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Mariye Erol DemirturkDepartment of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Fikri Y AvciDepartment of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Electronic address: favci@emory.edu.

Funding

Molecular Mechanisms for Carbohydrate Presentation to CD4+ T cells by MHCII PathwayR01AI123383 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA · PI Fikri Y Avci · 2016 to 2026

$4.2M

Glycopeptide-specific helper T cells eliciting protective humoral immunity against HIV - ResubmissionR01AI152766 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA · PI Fikri Y Avci · 2021 to 2026

$2.6M

NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI123383NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI152766

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is essential for viral entry and infection of host cells. Composed of a trimer of the gp120-gp41 heterodimeric glycoproteins, the Env trimer is the primary target for neutralizing antibodies. Extensive research over the past 40 years has focused on developing advanced immunogens, specifically recombinant, native-like Env trimers and structure-guided, germline-targeting constructs, to elicit protective antibody responses. The Env trimer is encased by up to 90 N-linked glycosylation sites, whose occupancy effectively shields the underlying protein from immune surveillance. While it is well established that glycosylation of HIV-1 gp120 affects antibody responses in infected individuals and that many broadly neutralizing antibodies depend on glycan-specific epitopes, the capacity of Env-derived glycopeptides to act as unconventional CD4

Indexed as

env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency VirusHIV-1HIV Envelope Protein gp120PolysaccharidesAnimalsGlycosylationHIV InfectionsHumansenv Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency VirusHIV Envelope Protein gp120Polysaccharidesadaptive immunitybnAbenvelope glycoproteinglycoimmunologyhelper T cellsHIVN-glycosylationT-carb

Identifiers

PMID41796803

DOI10.1016/j.jbc.2026.111350

PMCPMC13068660

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.