Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41796194›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Advanced alginate- nutriosomes for enhanced oral delivery of fermented Echium amoenum polyphenols.

Ehsan Divan Khosroshahi, Rita Abi Rached, Angela Serpe, Mona Ghaslani, Zeinab E Mousavi, Maryam Salami, Maria Manconi, Maria Letizia Manca, Olga Osmolowskaya, Elvira Escribano-Ferrer and 1 more

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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Ehsan Divan KhosroshahiFaculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory (BPEL), Department of Food Science and Engineering,, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31587-77871, Iran.
Rita Abi RachedDepartment of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, Pad. A, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato, 09042, CA, Italy.
Angela SerpeDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture (DICAAR), University of Cagliari, Piazza d'Armi, Cagliari, 09123, Italy.
Mona GhaslaniDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture (DICAAR), University of Cagliari, Piazza d'Armi, Cagliari, 09123, Italy.
Zeinab E MousaviBioprocessing and Biodetection Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
Maryam SalamiFaculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory (BPEL), Department of Food Science and Engineering,, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31587-77871, Iran.
Maria ManconiDepartment of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, Pad. A, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato, 09042, CA, Italy.
Maria Letizia MancaDepartment of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, Pad. A, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato, 09042, CA, Italy. mlmanca@unica.it.
Olga OsmolowskayaInstitute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
Elvira Escribano-FerrerBiopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Unit, Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Seyed Hadi RazaviFaculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory (BPEL), Department of Food Science and Engineering,, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31587-77871, Iran. srazavi@ut.ac.ir.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Echium amoenum, a highly valued medicinal plant in Iran, is rich in polyphenols. Microbial fermentation can improve the bioavailability of its phenolic compounds, which are otherwise limited (5-10%), by releasing them from the plant cell wall. Moreover, incorporating these bioactive compounds in phospholipid vesicles can further maximize their biological efficacy. This study developed a combined approach using lactic acid fermentation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and phospholipid-based nanocarriers to optimize the delivery of E. amoenum extract. Fermented extract (50 mg/mL) was successfully incorporated into liposomes, nutriosomes, and advanced alginate-nutriosomes, as confirmed by cryo-TEM and FTIR analyses. All vesicles were nanosized (105-124 nm), negatively charged (~ - 56 mV), and homogeneously dispersed (PDI ≤ 0.19) with high loading efficiencies (> 90%). They remained stable under simulated saliva, gastric, and intestinal conditions and exhibited controlled release. In vitro assays demonstrated biocompatibility and protective effects on stressed Caco-2 cells. Overall, alginate-nutriosomes represent a promising nanocarrier for oral administration of fermented E. amoenum extract.

Indexed as

AlginatesPlant ExtractsPolyphenolsAdministration, OralBiological AvailabilityCaco-2 CellsFermentationGlucuronic AcidHexuronic AcidsHumansLactiplantibacillus plantarumLiposomesAlginatesGlucuronic AcidHexuronic AcidsLiposomesPlant ExtractsPolyphenolsAlginateCaco2 Cells BioavailabilityMedicinal plant extractNutriosomesOral deliveryPolyphenols and Fermentation

Identifiers

PMID41796194
PMCPMC13087019

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.