Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41796088›Full record

ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026

Type 2 diabetes subphenotypes are associated with differential outcomes after metabolic and bariatric surgery: An international multicentre retrospective cohort study.

Adisa Poljo, Jakob J Reichl, Lars Kollmann, Piotr Kalinowski, Aleksandra Frankowska, Michał Grąt, Eleni A Felinska, Ulrike Heger, Stefan Kopf, Donna Noeva and 9 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Adisa PoljoDepartment of Visceral Surgery, Clarunis, University Digestive Health Care Center Basel, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-2378-7048
Jakob J ReichlMedical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Upper Austria, Austria.
Lars KollmannDepartment of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Piotr KalinowskiDepartment of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Aleksandra FrankowskaDepartment of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Michał GrątDepartment of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Eleni A FelinskaDepartment of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Ulrike HegerDepartment of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Stefan KopfDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
Donna NoevaUniversity of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Christopher TuffsDepartment of General, Visceral, Thoracic, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Matthias HepprichDepartment of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, St Clara Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
Eleonora SeeligDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Ralph PeterliDepartment of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Marko KraljevićDepartment of Visceral Surgery, Clarunis, University Digestive Health Care Center Basel, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Jennifer M KlasenDepartment of Visceral Surgery, Clarunis, University Digestive Health Care Center Basel, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Beat P MüllerDepartment of Visceral Surgery, Clarunis, University Digestive Health Care Center Basel, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Romano SchneiderDepartment of Visceral Surgery, Clarunis, University Digestive Health Care Center Basel, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Adrian T BilleterDepartment of Visceral Surgery, Clarunis, University Digestive Health Care Center Basel, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-8724-4793

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsType 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by its clinical heterogeneity. Newly described T2D subphenotypes, each with distinct metabolic and co-morbidity risk profiles, may enable a more personalized care. This study examined whether these subphenotypes can predict outcomes in patients undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS). MATERIALS AND

methodsA total of 233 people with T2D from four clinical centres undergoing MBS were retrospectively assigned to T2D subphenotypes based on the Ahlqvist methodology. The primary outcome was T2D remission at 2 years; secondary outcomes included changes in HOMA2-%B, HOMA2-IR, and total body weight loss (%TWL). Intraoperative liver biopsies were evaluated for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and steatohepatitis (MASH).

resultsAll participants were classified as mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD) (62.2%), severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD) (19.7%), or SIDD (18.1%). At 2 years, diabetes remission was lower in severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD) (36.7%) than MOD (79.3%) and SIRD (97.2%; p < 0.001). SIDD had lower BMI (38.3 vs. 45.2 and 43.2 kg/m

conclusionT2D subphenotypes respond differently to T2D remission after MBS with SIDD showing a significantly lower remission rate than MOD and SIRD at 2 years. Considering metabolic status in treatment decisions may improve patient outcomes.

Indexed as

Bariatric SurgeryDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2AdultDiabesityFemaleHumansInsulin ResistanceMaleMiddle AgedObesityPhenotypeRetrospective StudiesTreatment OutcomeWeight Lossdiabetesgastric bypassinsulin resistancemetabolic surgerysleeve gastrectomysubphenotype

Identifiers

PMID41796088
PMCPMC13071240

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.