Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41795138›Full record

ArticleCancer medicine2026

Association of Autoimmune Diseases With Pancreatic Cancer: A Nationwide Follow-Up Study From Sweden.

Jiarong Gu, Yuhong Zhang, Kristina Sundquist, Jan Sundquist, Huifang Yang, Wenhua Ling, Xinjun Li

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Article in Cancer medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jiarong GuSchool of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7093-3725
Yuhong ZhangSchool of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
Kristina SundquistDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, and University Clinic Primary Care, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
Jan SundquistDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, and University Clinic Primary Care, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
Huifang YangSchool of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
Wenhua LingSchool of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
Xinjun LiDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, and University Clinic Primary Care, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe incidence of pancreatic cancer (PC) and autoimmune diseases (ADs) has been increasing worldwide. While certain associations between specific ADs, such as pancreatitis, and PC have long been well confirmed, population-focused research investigating the broader spectrum of ADs and their relationship with PC risk remains limited.

methodsWe implemented a cohort study based on population data to analyze the relationships between ADs and PC susceptibility. Diagnostic information on 43 ADs was obtained from the Swedish Inpatient Register (1964-2018), while cancer incidence and mortality data were sourced from the National Cancer Registry and Cause of Death Register starting in 1997. Relative cancer risks were quantified using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs).

resultsWithin the study's total population of 16.4 million, 1.1 million cases of ADs were identified, and 3257 patients were later diagnosed with PC accounting for 5.42% of all cancer cases in the cohort. The SIRs for PC in patients with ADs were 1.24 (men) and 1.19 (women); 12 ADs were positively correlated with the incidence of PC. The SMRs for PC in patients with ADs were 1.28 (men) and 1.22 (women); 15 ADs were positively correlated with PC mortality. When the follow-up time was less than 1 year, the overall risk of PC in patients with ADs was 3.88; over 10 years, the risk reached 1.12.

conclusionsWe have newly discovered the relationship between several ADs and the risk of PC incidence and mortality, including discoid lupus erythematosus, lupoid hepatitis, giant-cell arteritis, and rheumatic fever. The results of this study back the notion that ADs may have a role in promoting the onset of PC.

Indexed as

Autoimmune DiseasesPancreatic NeoplasmsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedRegistriesRisk FactorsSwedenautoimmune diseasescomorbiditiesincidence ratiosmortality ratiospancreatic cancer

Identifiers

PMID41795138
PMCPMC12967486

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.