ArticleJournal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England)2026
Mental health impacts of climate-related hazards among farmers: evidence from a community-based study.
Article in Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundClimate-related hazards are intensifying worldwide, posing escalating risks to not only agricultural productivity but also mental health. Farmers in low- and middle-income countries are particularly vulnerable, yet the psychological impacts of climate disasters on these populations remain underexplored. This study aimed to examine the associations between climate-related hazard exposure and mental health outcomes among farmers in southern Thailand, a region heavily affected by climate disasters, including floods, droughts, and storms.
methodsA community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 346 farmers in four districts of Chumphon and Surat Thani Provinces, classified as high- or low-climate hazard exposure areas, via five-year disaster records. Data on sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics, climate experiences, and coping strategies were collected via structured questionnaires. Mental health outcomes were assessed via the validated Thai version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21). Multivariable logistic regression was applied to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) to assess the associations between climate hazard exposure and adverse mental health outcomes.
resultsDepression was significantly more prevalent among farmers in high-exposure areas (49.7%) than among those in low-exposure areas (36.0%; p = 0.010). Increased flooding frequency in the previous years was strongly associated with depression (aOR = 6.10; 95% CI: 2.26–16.47), anxiety (aOR = 3.33; 95% CI: 1.18–9.38), and stress (aOR = 9.81; 95% CI: 3.74–25.74). Conversely, farmers in low-exposure areas reported significantly higher engagement in institutional supports (p < 0.001), including community resource management (20.5% vs. 2.2%), financial compensation (19.3% vs. 2.2%), and adoption of drought-resistant seeds (25.5% vs. 3.2%) whereas farmers in high-exposure areas largely relied on self-directed coping.
conclusionsClimate-related hazards are significantly associated with increased risks of depression, anxiety, and stress among farmers. These findings underscore the importance of integrating mental health interventions into national climate adaptation frameworks, with a focus on early psychological screening, financial risk protection, and targeted psychosocial support for agricultural communities repeatedly affected by floods, droughts, and storms.
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