ArticleJournal of neuro-oncology2026
Prognostic relevance and cytokine correlates of peripheral immune subpopulations in newly diagnosed glioblastoma.
Article in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Glioblastoma is characterized by profound immune dysregulation at both intratumoral and systemic levels. Whether the peripheral immune landscape reflects tumor-related clinical and radiological features and carries prognostic relevance remains unclear. We investigated whether systemic immune cell subsets and circulating cytokines at diagnosis are associated with disease characteristics and survival in newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma were collected preoperatively from patients treated between 2019 and 2024. Immune profiling was performed by flow cytometry, and circulating cytokines were assessed using a multiplex CD8/NK cytokine assay. Results: Sixty-six patients with newly diagnosed IDH-wildtype glioblastoma were included. Median overall survival (OS) was 14.4 months, and median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8.5 months. Classical monocyte and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) frequencies correlated with contrast-enhancing tumor volume. Higher classical monocyte frequencies were associated with shorter OS, whereas higher frequencies of immature natural killer (NK) cells were independently associated with longer OS. Cytotoxic cytokines inversely correlated with suppressive myeloid subsets and positively with immature NK cells, supporting a coordinated systemic immune polarization. Corticosteroid use at sampling did not significantly affect key immune subpopulations. Conclusions: Integrated peripheral immune and cytokine profiling identifies a coordinated systemic immune axis linking tumor burden, myeloid expansion, and survival in newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Immature NK cell frequency is independently associated with improved survival, whereas classical monocytes and MDSCs reflect adverse immune polarization. These findings support the development of accessible peripheral immune biomarkers for risk stratification and translational strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41794965What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.