Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41794885›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Parental reporting of activities relevant for young children's soil/dust ingestion.

Alesia Ferguson, Abeer Hasan, Foluke Adelabu, Cristina Fayad-Martinez, Olusola Ogunseye, Maribeth Gidley, Jenna Honan, Paloma I Beamer, Helena Solo-Gabriele

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Alesia FergusonDepartment of Built Environment, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA. acferguson@ncat.edu.
Abeer HasanDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA.
Foluke AdelabuDepartment of Built Environment, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA.
Cristina Fayad-MartinezDepartment of Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.
Olusola OgunseyeDepartment of Community, Environmental and Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman, College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
Maribeth GidleyDepartment of Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.
Jenna HonanDepartment of Community, Environmental and Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman, College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
Paloma I BeamerDepartment of Community, Environmental and Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman, College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
Helena Solo-GabrieleDepartment of Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.

Funding

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 84020101
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Soil/dust ingestion is a critical pathway for exposure to contaminants in and around the home. Estimating ingestion requires knowledge of key behaviors for young children related to mouthing behaviors and handwashing habits. Surveys are invaluable tools in understanding the extent of human exposure to chemicals in and around the home. By linking behavioral patterns with environmental data, surveys can raise awareness about the health risks posed by household contaminants in soil and dust and can improve exposure and risk estimates. The current study aimed to quantify soil and dust related ingestion behaviors in children ages 6 months to 6 years, to support exposure and risk assessments. The results were compared across different demographic variables. Survey collection was conducted from January 2022 to December 2023 from 450 households across three metropolitan regions: Miami, Greensboro, and Tucson. Parents provided information for up to four children in their home who were over 6 months old and up to 6 years of age resulting in data collected for 540 children. There were 12 demographic variables selected for comparison against 24 child behaviors using Cramér’s V analysis and displayed using Mosaic plots. The child’s age was a strong predictor of a number of behaviors such as mouthing, pacifier use, pacifier use frequency, pacifier wash, blanket use, stuffed animal use, sucking of toes and fingers, and handwashing before meals. Other demographic variables, such as child’s and parent’s race, and parent’s income levels had fewer associations. The data collected here can be used to improve non-dietary ingestion exposure and risk assessment for young children to contaminants in soil and dust and on objects around the home.

Indexed as

DustEnvironmental ExposureParentsSoilChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantMaleDustSoilChildren’s play behaviorsExposures indoorHandwashingIngestion exposureMouthing behaviorPacifier use

Identifiers

PMID41794885
PMCPMC13087255

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.