Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41794836›Full record

ArticleScientific data2026

The Corpus of Bidirectional Reading of Traditional Chinese Text: An Extension of the Multilingual Eye-Movement Corpus.

Jinger Pan, Yue Xi, Dixiao Tan, Yaqian Borogjoon Bao, Victor Kuperman, Ming Yan

Abstract readDataset
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific data, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Jinger PanDepartment of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong.
Yue XiDepartment of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong.
Dixiao TanDepartment of Psychology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.
Yaqian Borogjoon BaoDepartment of Linguistics and Languages, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
Victor KupermanDepartment of Linguistics and Languages, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
Ming YanDepartment of Psychology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau. mingyan@um.edu.mo.

Funding

Fundo para o Desenvolvimento das Ciências e da Tecnologia de Macau FDCT; 0044/2024/RIA1Insight Grant 435-2021-0657The Education University of Hong Kong One-off seed funding grantthe Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada Partnered Research Training Grant 895-2016-1008University of Macau MYRG-GRG2025-00189-FSS
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We present a corpus of eye-movement data collected during the reading of passages in traditional Chinese and developed in the framework of the Multilingual Eye Movement Corpus (MECO) project. A distinctive feature of traditional Chinese writing is that texts in this written language can be formatted and read either horizontally or vertically. Leveraging this characteristic bidirectionality, our corpus, based on 60 Hong Kong participants' eye movement data, is the first to offer a within-subject and within-item comparison of eye movements during horizontal and vertical text reading. In addition to the corpus itself, we provide reliability estimates of the eye-tracking data and linear mixed-effects model analyses for its technical validation. The results demonstrate that horizontal and vertical reading of traditional Chinese passages yield comparable spatial and temporal eye movement patterns, contributing to our understanding of both universal and language-specific cognitive, visual, and oculomotor processes in reading. Ultimately, this corpus supports the development of more comprehensive and ecologically valid models of eye movement control in reading.

Indexed as

Eye MovementsMultilingualismReadingEast Asian PeopleEye-Tracking TechnologyHong KongHumansLanguage

Identifiers

PMID41794836
PMCPMC13096406

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.