Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41794745›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's research & therapy2026

Resource-stratified machine learning framework for cognitive status classification and mild cognitive impairment to dementia progression prediction.

Jingmei Yang, Huitong Ding, Samad Amini, Boran Hao, Cody Karjadi, Rhoda Au, Ioannis Ch Paschalidis

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. AI-assisted multimodal data integration for precision oncology.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jingmei YangDepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Division of Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 8 St. Mary's St, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Huitong DingDepartment of Anatomy & Neurobiology and Framingham Heart Study, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
Samad AminiDepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Division of Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 8 St. Mary's St, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Boran HaoDepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Division of Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 8 St. Mary's St, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Cody KarjadiDepartment of Anatomy & Neurobiology and Framingham Heart Study, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
Rhoda AuDepartment of Anatomy & Neurobiology and Framingham Heart Study, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
Ioannis Ch PaschalidisDepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Division of Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 8 St. Mary's St, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. yannisp@bu.edu.

Funding

National Alzheimer's Coordinating CenterU24AG072122 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI STEPHENS, KARI A · 2021 to 2025
$45.8M
TBDU19AG068753 · NIA · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI Lindsay A. Farrer · 2020 to 2026
$42.4M
Research Education ComponentP30AG062422 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Katherine P Rankin · 2019 to 2026
$36.9M
Research Education ComponentP30AG062421 · NIA · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI BRADFORD C DICKERSON · 2019 to 2026
$36.5M
UCSD Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer's Disease Research Center P30P30AG062429 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI DOUGLAS R GALASKO · 2019 to 2026
$34.9M
Research Education ComponentP30AG062677 · NIA · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI KEJAL KANTARCI · 2019 to 2026
$33.5M
Research Education ComponentP30AG066514 · NIA · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI Margaret Sewell · 2020 to 2026
$31.0M
Yale Alzheimer Disease Research CenterP30AG066508 · NIA · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI STEPHEN M STRITTMATTER · 2020 to 2026
$30.2M
Research Education CoreP30AG066462 · NIA · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI PHILIP L DE JAGER · 2020 to 2026
$30.1M
Research Education ComponentP30AG066468 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI C. Elizabeth Shaaban · 2020 to 2026
$29.4M
Research Education ComponentP30AG066507 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Corinne Pettigrew · 2020 to 2026
$29.3M
University of Washington Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterP30AG066509 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Amanda D. Boyd · 2020 to 2026
$29.0M
National Science Foundation, United States CCF-2200052NIA NIH HHS AG062109NIA NIH HHS P20 AG068024NIA NIH HHS P20 AG068053NIA NIH HHS P20 AG068077NIA NIH HHS P20 AG068082NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062421NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062422NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062429NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062677NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066444NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066462NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066468NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066506NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066507NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066508NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066509NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066511NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066512NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066514NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066515NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066518NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066519NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066530NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066546NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072931NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072946NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072947NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072958NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072959NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072972NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072973NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072977NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072979NIA NIH HHS R01 AG062109NIA NIH HHS R01 AG072654NIA NIH HHS R01 AG083735NIA NIH HHS R03 AG095992NIA NIH HHS U19 AG068753NIA NIH HHS U24 AG072122NIH HHS UL54 TR00413Office of Inspector General DEB-2433726
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWidespread access to diagnosis of cognitive decline remains inadequate. Assessment tools rely on neuroimaging, biofluid markers, or lengthy neuropsychological batteries. This reliance limits their use in primary care and low-resource settings and contributes to healthcare disparities. We developed and validated a three-level, resource-stratified machine learning framework to provide scalable dementia screening and prognostic risk stratification across diverse healthcare settings.

methodsWe used data from 31,081 participants in the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center. We trained Gradient Boosted Tree models for multi-class detection (Cognitively Intact/Mild Cognitive Impairment [MCI]/Dementia) and 10-year risk stratification (MCI-to-dementia progression). The framework tiered inputs by resource intensity. The minimal-resource Level 1 included demographic and basic functional data. The moderate-resource Level 2 added standard cognitive tests. The high-resource Level 3 added comprehensive neuropsychological batteries.

resultsThe Level 3 model achieved high classification performance (AUC: 93.98%), and the Level 1 model achieved comparable performance (AUC: 91.53%). For MCI-to-dementia progression, the framework showed strong prognostic performance. The Level 3 and Level 1 models achieved AUCs of 85.90% and 81.90% for predicting progression over a 2-year window, respectively. Key predictors remained consistent across all resource levels, such as difficulty managing finances and self-reported cognitive decline, and sociodemographic factors, including education level and Black race.

conclusionsThe tiered system offers a scalable and accessible approach for dementia detection and prognostic stratification. It helps non-specialists conduct initial evaluations and identify high-risk individuals with minimal data. High-risk patients may then be triaged for specialized assessment. This resource-stratified framework offers a strategy to expand diagnostic capacity and reduce care inequities, especially in low-resource settings.

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionDementiaDisease ProgressionMachine LearningAgedAged, 80 and overBoosting Machine Learning AlgorithmsClassification AlgorithmsFemaleHumansMaleNeuropsychological TestsPrediction AlgorithmsPredictive Learning ModelsPrognosisCognitive AssessmentHealthcare DisparitiesMachine LearningMCI-to-Dementia ProgressionNational Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center DataResource-Stratified Screening

Identifiers

PMID41794745
PMCPMC13081641

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.