ArticleBMC medical imaging2026
Three-dimensional echocardiography-derived myocardial mechanistic insights into obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with moderate septal hypertrophy.
Article in BMC medical imaging, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients with moderate septal hypertrophy (≤ 18 mm), left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) cannot be fully explained by septal thickness alone, thereby complicating therapeutic decision-making. This study aimed to investigate the association between three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3D-STE)-derived myocardial mechanics and LVOTO in patients with moderate hypertrophic HCM.
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed 216 HCM patients with moderate septal hypertrophy, stratified into nonobstructive (n = 38), provokable LVOTO (n = 63), and resting LVOTO (n = 115) groups. LV geometry, LVOT diameter, and anterior mitral leaflet length were assessed using transthoracic echocardiography, and mitral subvalvular papillary muscle abnormalities were evaluated and composited into a SubMV score. 3D-STE quantified strain parameters, including global longitudinal, circumferential, radial, and area (GAS) strain, twist, and torsion. Measurement differences were analyzed among the LVOTO subgroups, and associations with LVOTO were evaluated using multivariate regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) modeling, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
resultsBoth LVOTO subgroups showed significantly augmented strain mechanics versus nonobstructive patients, most pronounced in resting LVOTO (p < 0.05). Twist and torsion were the strongest discriminators (p < 0.001). Multivariate regression showed that, beyond LVOT diameter and SubMV score, torsion (B = 9.47), twist (B = 1.92), and GAS (B = 1.29) were independently associated with provoked LVOT gradients (all p < 0.05). RCS revealed nonlinear twist/torsion–LVOTO relationships, with the obstruction risk rising above twist = 15° and torsion = 3°/cm, especially under provocation. Torsion achieved 81% specificity for identifying provokable LVOTO (cutoff 2.4°/cm, AUC = 0.72), outperforming all single structural parameters. Integrating 3D-STE mechanics with structural metrics improved discrimination (AUC 0.84 vs. 0.76, DeLong p = 0.003).
conclusionsIn moderately hypertrophic HCM, 3D-STE–derived strain mechanics, particularly LV torsional mechanics, are independently associated with LVOTO beyond established structural parameters including anatomical narrowing and cumulative papillary muscle abnormalities. These findings provide mechanics insights into LVOTO and support refined risk stratification and longitudinal monitoring in this heterogeneous population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.