Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41794361›Full record

ArticleJournal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society2026

Ultrasound-guided nanocomposite hydrogel injection to enhance nerve repair via temporal delivery of a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor.

Zhi He, Olawale A Alimi, Tianshu Pan, Mitchell Kuss, Bryan T Hackfort, Mena A Krishnan, Yiran Li, Bo Liu, Bin Duan

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Zhi HeMary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
Olawale A AlimiMary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Tianshu PanMary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
Mitchell KussMary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
Bryan T HackfortDepartment of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
Mena A KrishnanMary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
Yiran LiMary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
Bo LiuMary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA. Electronic address: bo.liu@unmc.edu.
Bin DuanMary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA. Electronic address: bin.duan@unmc.edu.

Funding

UNMC Structural Biology CoreP20GM103427 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER · PI Heather Colleen Jensen-Smith · 2012 to 2026
$59.2M
UNMC/EPPLEY CANCER CENTER SUPPORT GRANTP30CA036727 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER · PI James Eudy · 1985 to 2026
$55.0M
Translational Imaging and Behavioral Assessment (TIBA) CoreP20GM130447 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER · PI Anna Dunaevsky · 2020 to 2026
$20.7M
Research Pilot Project ProgramP30GM106397 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER · PI JOHNSON, KEITH R · 2013 to 2017
$4.9M
Light-Sheet Fluorescence MicroscopeS10OD030486 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER · PI JENSEN-SMITH, HEATHER COLLEEN · 2021 to 2021
$477k
LSM 710 Zeiss Confocal MicroscopeS10RR027301 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER · PI CHRISTMAN, JUDITH K · 2010 to 2010
$461k
Development of optoelectronically active nerve adhesive for accelerating peripheral nerve repairR21NS131938 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER · PI DUAN, BIN, YU, CUNJIANG · 2023 to 2023
$437k
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA036727NCRR NIH HHS S10 RR027301NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM103427NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM130447NIGMS NIH HHS P30 GM106397NIH HHS S10 OD030486NINDS NIH HHS R21 NS131938
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Persistent or dysregulated neuroinflammation impairs regeneration following peripheral nerve injuries (PNI). Current strategies for modulating inflammation in PNI lack spatial and temporal precision, thereby limiting their regenerative efficacy. In this study, we developed a nanocomposite hydrogel (DNH/PLGA@BLZ) by combining decellularized porcine sciatic nerve hydrogel (DNH) with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with BLZ945, a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) antagonist currently in clinical trials. DNH/PLGA@BLZ demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and consistent BLZ945 release, effectively suppressing CSF-1R signaling and modulating macrophage activity by promoting apoptosis and reducing migration. Ultrasound-guided, minimally invasive injections targeted the sciatic nerve and allowed in situ gelation of DNH/PLGA@BLZ pre-gel. We administered DNH/PLGA@BLZ either during surgery or at 7 days post-surgery in a mouse sciatic nerve crush model to determine the effect of the delivery time window on inflammatory modulation and subsequent nerve regeneration. In vivo results showed that early delivery during surgery, facilitated by sustained in situ release of BLZ945, suppressed early inflammation but hindered nerve regeneration. Conversely, ultrasound-guided injection of DNH/PLGA@BLZ at 7 days post-surgery, which also benefits from sustained release, modulates ongoing inflammation and effectively promotes nerve regeneration. The underlying mechanism may involve facilitating inflammation resolution and lowering inflammation levels, particularly during the middle and later stages of healing, thereby promoting nerve regeneration. In summary, this study advances the preclinical development of CSF-1R inhibitors by demonstrating that ultrasound-guided delivery enables precise, temporally adaptable administration, supporting further safety and dose-evaluation studies.

Indexed as

HydrogelsNanocompositesNerve RegenerationPeripheral Nerve InjuriesReceptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating FactorAnimalsMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLPolylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid CopolymerSciatic NerveSwineHydrogelsPolylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid CopolymerReceptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating FactorBLZ945Nanocomposite hydrogelNeuroinflammationPeripheral nerve regenerationUltrasound-guided injection

Identifiers

PMID41794361
PMCPMC13052476

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.