ArticleMedicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal2026
Comparative analysis of salivary IL-4 and CXCL6 dynamics following tooth extraction in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
Article in Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundTooth extraction initiates a regulated inflammatory healing response. Diabetes mellitus may alter this early tissue response; however, data on early salivary cytokine and chemokine changes after extraction in diabetic individuals remain limited. Therefore, this study aimed to compare early postoperative salivary interlukine-4 (IL-4) and CXC motif chemokine ligand 6 (CXCL6) dynamics following tooth extraction in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. MATERIAL AND
methodsA prospective cohort study was conducted including 30 participants, comprising 20 individuals with controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus and 10 healthy controls. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected at three time points: Before extraction, 1 hour post-extraction and 2 days post-extraction. Salivary IL-4 and CXCL6 concentrations were measured using a Luminex multiplex assay. A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was applied to examine within-subject temporal effects and between-group differences, as well as their interaction.
resultsIL-4 levels did not show significant changes over time (p=0.453) and did not differ between diabetic and non-diabetic participants (p=0.221), with no significant time-by-group interaction (p=0.526). In contrast, CXCL6 demonstrated a significant effect of time (p=0.035) and a significant time-by-group interaction (p=0.043), indicating distinct temporal response patterns between groups, although overall CXCL6 levels did not differ significantly between diabetic and control participants.
conclusionsEarly post-extraction healing in diabetes demonstrates altered inflammatory kinetics. While salivary IL-4 remained stable within the first 48 hours, CXCL6 exhibited significant time and group-dependent modulation, indicating dysregulated early inflammatory responses.
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