Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41793701›Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes science and technology2026

Integrating the Glycemia Risk Index Into Clinical Practice and Research: A Consensus Report.

Guillermo E Umpierrez, Viral N Shah, Veronica Brady, Mark A Clements, Juan Espinoza, Elizabeth Healey, Michael A Kohn, David M Maahs, Ralph Oiknine, Jane J Seley and 34 more

Abstract readConsensus Statement
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

44 authors.

Guillermo E UmpierrezEmory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3252-5026
Viral N ShahDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3827-7107
Veronica BradyAssociation of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9755-3482
Mark A ClementsGlooko Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2368-0331
Juan EspinozaStanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0513-588X
Elizabeth HealeyBoston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7307-8429
Michael A KohnDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5459-5044
David M MaahsPediatric Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4602-7909
Ralph OiknineSweetSpot, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0009-0004-4729-1914
Jane J SeleyDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1582-4320
Steven P WeitzmanDepartment of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9045-0202
David KerrCenter for Health Systems Research, Sutter Health, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1335-1857
Halis K AkturkBarbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4518-5179
Grazia AleppoFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1644-5947
Mohammed E Al-SofianiEndocrinology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-4420-9378
Eda CengizDepartment of Pediatrics and Pediatric Diabetes Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7992-9506
Francis J DoyleSchool of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3293-9114
Osagie EbekozienAmerican Diabetes Association, Arlington, VA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8473-249X
Steven V EdelmanUniversity of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0760-9332
Laya EkhlaspourDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3263-1419
Guido FreckmannArbeitsgemeinschaft Diabetes & Technologie der Deutschen Diabetes Gesellschaft e.V. (AGDT), Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0406-9529
Lutz HeinemannScience Consulting in Diabetes GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2493-1304
Irl B HirschDivision of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1675-8417
Victoria C HsiaoDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5970-801X
Sun H KimDivision of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0895-7491
Boris KovatchevCenter for Diabetes Technology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0495-3901
Rayhan A LalDepartments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8055-944X
Marcus LindDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-3796-9283
Julia K MaderDivision of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.ORCID 0000-0001-7854-4233
Nestoras MathioudakisEndocrinology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-0210-655X
Tracey McLaughlinStanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4829-8649
Sultan A MeoDepartment of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0001-9820-1852
Deborah A OsafehintiSection of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7721-7249
Moshe PhillipSchneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.ORCID 0000-0002-6616-5612
Priya PrahaladPediatric Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3894-4344
David ScheinkerStanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5885-8024
Michael P SnyderDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0784-7987
Jing WangFlorida State University College of Nursing, Tallahassee, FL, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4012-0977
Jenise C WongUniversity of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0573-6650
Eugene E WrightSouth Piedmont Area Health Education Center, Charlotte, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0796-0496
Mandy M ShaoDiabetes Technology Society, Burlingame, CA, USA.ORCID 0009-0004-9550-9965
Agatha F ScheidemanDiabetes Technology Society, Burlingame, CA, USA.ORCID 0009-0008-4211-4934
Ashley Y DuNovaDiabetes Technology Society, Burlingame, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1478-7065
David C KlonoffDiabetes Research Institute, Mills-Peninsula Medical Center (Sutter Health), San Mateo, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6394-6862

Funding

RESEARCH TRAINING IN PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINET32HD040128 · NICHD · CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL BOSTON · PI Kenneth D. Mandl · 2001 to 2026
$5.0M
Modeling and modulating insulin delivery in automated insulin delivery systems to accommodate for meal compositionsK23DK121942 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI EKHLASPOUR, LAYA · 2020 to 2024
$964k
NICHD NIH HHS T32 HD040128NIDDK NIH HHS K23 DK121942
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A panel of experts in the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data in the treatment of diabetes met in Burlingame, California on October 27, 2025 to discuss the utility of the glycemia risk index (GRI) for clinical care research and population health management. The GRI composite metric is a single number (on a 0-100 percentile scale-lower is better) based on an expert-determined weighting of the seven individual components in the existing ambulatory glucose profile (AGP). The GRI describes the quality of glycemia based on glucose values collected in a 14-day CGM tracing, thus providing additional insights into CGM profiles beyond the AGP. During the meeting, the mathematical derivation of the GRI metric was presented along with its use for adult and pediatric individuals with diabetes and cancer who require medications that can adversely affect the glucose concentration. Examples where the GRI provided useful insights into the quality of CGM tracings were also discussed by the expert panel. In addition, a new smartphone application, the GRI Calculator, was presented. This app calculates the GRI of a CGM tracing and provides visualization of sequential CGM tracings for a specific individual. The GRI provides a reference measurement for the accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) models assigning levels of glycemic quality to CGM tracings intended to match the assessments of clinicians. The GRI is now part of the data visualization panel for the Integration of Connected Diabetes Device Data into the Electronic Health Record (iCoDE-2) project, which standardizes both CGM and insulin dosing data. Further exploration of the potential value of the GRI for non-insulin users needs to be undertaken. The panel unanimously recommended that CGM manufacturers and developers of data visualization software for CGMs add the GRI to their data platforms for insulin users.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseDiabetes MellitusBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringContinuous Glucose MonitoringGlycemic ControlHumansRisk AssessmentBlood Glucosecompositecontinuous glucose monitoringdata platformsdata visualizationglycemia risk indextime in range

Identifiers

PMID41793701
PMCPMC12967274

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.