Trial reportHepatology international2026
Immune biomarkers predicting response to G-CSF in acute-on-chronic liver failure: results from a GRAFT trial sub-study.
Trial report in Hepatology international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02669680 (Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) to Treat Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure: A Multicentre Randomized Trial
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Authors and funding
24 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe efficacy of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment for acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) remains controversial. The aim of this study, which is a secondary analysis of the GRAFT study (NCT02669680), was to identify potential prognostic biomarkers in ACLF and to find markers that could be used to predict response to G-CSF treatment.
methodsBlood samples from 79 patients randomized in the GRAFT study to receive G-CSF (n = 40) or standard medical therapy (n = 39) were collected at different timepoints. Samples were analyzed for cells, cytokines, extracellular particles, cell-free DNA, and functional properties. An exploratory approach was taken, whereby the measured variables were subjected to univariate and multivariate Cox analyses, and the patients were stratified into clusters by unsupervised hierarchical clustering.
resultsPatients with ACLF had increased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased absolute levels of specific cell populations when compared to healthy controls. ROC curve analysis suggested that plasma VEGF-A levels at baseline (timepoint) are a prognostic factor of transplant-free survival (AUC: 0.70; 95%CI 0.56-0.84). Hierarchical clustering of circulating immune cell populations at baseline appeared to define a patient subset within the analyzed G-CSF-treated patients with improved median transplant-free survival (102 days vs 16 days; p = 0.002). In our study, a higher percentage of CD39
conclusionVEGF-A appears to be a suitable biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with ACLF. With the help of hierarchical cell clusters, ACLF patients who could benefit from G-CSF therapy could be identified and selected prior to treatment. CD39 expression on lymphocytes seems suitable to allow stratification. Further testing and validation are necessary and could help to adapt treatment options for each individual patient.
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