Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41793557›Full record

ReviewStem cell reviews and reports2026

Stem Cells and their Key Derivatives in Degenerative Musculoskeletal Diseases.

Nawaz Khan, Zeynab Ahmadova, Bin Zeng, Waqas Ahmed, Tayyab Shafiq, Zihao Zhang, Aiyuan Su, Nazim Muhammad, Sajid Khan, Yujie Liang and 1 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Stem cell reviews and reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Nawaz KhanDepartment of Orthopedics, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
Zeynab AhmadovaMedical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China.
Bin ZengDepartment of Orthopedics, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
Waqas AhmedDepartment of Orthopedics, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
Tayyab ShafiqDepartment of Orthopedics, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
Zihao ZhangDepartment of Orthopedics, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
Aiyuan SuDepartment of Orthopedics, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
Nazim MuhammadMedical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China.
Sajid KhanMedical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China.
Yujie LiangDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Li DuanDepartment of Orthopedics, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China. duanl@szu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3638-8102

Funding

Medical-Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Foundation of Shenzhen University 2023YG014Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province 2025A1515011298Shenzhen Medical Research Fund D2402009Shenzhen Science and Technology Projects JCYJ 20240813140405008
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Degenerative musculoskeletal diseases such as osteoporosis (OP), osteoarthritis (OA), and intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) represent a growing global health challenge, causing disability, pain, and socioeconomic burden. Traditional therapies remain largely palliative, underscoring the urgent need for regenerative approaches. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising tools due to their capacity for multilineage differentiation, immunomodulation, and paracrine signaling. However, challenges including heterogeneity, low engraftment, and manufacturing complexity limit their clinical translation. Increasingly, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from MSCs have been recognized as the principal mediators of their therapeutic effects. MSC-derived-EVs (MSC-EVs) provide a safer, cell-free platform capable of regulating immune responses, promoting tissue regeneration, and delivering bioactive cargos that restore bone, cartilage, and disc homeostasis. Preclinical and early clinical data highlight their potential as next-generation therapeutics. The aim of this review is to provide valuable insights into the development and evaluation of MSCs and MSC-EVs in OA, OP, and IVDD thereby accelerating clinical translation and improving patient outcomes.

Indexed as

Intervertebral Disc DegenerationMesenchymal Stem CellsMusculoskeletal DiseasesAnimalsCell DifferentiationExtracellular VesiclesHumansMesenchymal Stem Cell TransplantationOsteoarthritisOsteoporosisDegenerative musculoskeletal diseasesExtracellular vesiclesIntervertebral disc degenerationMesenchymal stem cellsOsteoarthritisOsteoporosis

Identifiers

PMID41793557

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.