Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41793475›Full record

ArticleCurrent microbiology2026

Hospital Indoor Air as a Reservoir of Opportunistic Filamentous Fungi: Species Diversity and Antifungal Susceptibility.

Jhully Pimentel, Glaucia Queiroz Dos Santos, Thiago Oliveira Condé, Simone Bravim Maifrede, Thaís Oliveira Scardua, Rubia Miossi, Tatiana Alves Dos Reis, Kelly Ishida, Creuza Rachel Vicente, Sarah Santos Gonçalves

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Current microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jhully PimentelCenter for Research in Medical Mycology (CIMM), Health Sciences Centre (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), 1468, Marechal Campos Avenue, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 29.040-090, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5121-2076
Glaucia Queiroz Dos SantosCenter for Research in Medical Mycology (CIMM), Health Sciences Centre (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), 1468, Marechal Campos Avenue, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 29.040-090, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-7263-7848
Thiago Oliveira CondéCenter for Research in Medical Mycology (CIMM), Health Sciences Centre (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), 1468, Marechal Campos Avenue, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 29.040-090, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8614-6649
Simone Bravim MaifredeCenter for Research in Medical Mycology (CIMM), Health Sciences Centre (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), 1468, Marechal Campos Avenue, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 29.040-090, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6902-0515
Thaís Oliveira ScarduaCenter for Research in Medical Mycology (CIMM), Health Sciences Centre (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), 1468, Marechal Campos Avenue, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 29.040-090, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-1705-455X
Rubia MiossiInfectious Diseases Centre of the Cassiano Antonio de Moraes University Hospital (HUCAM), Vitória, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5772-3547
Tatiana Alves Dos ReisDepartment of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4685-2471
Kelly IshidaDepartment of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4602-0926
Creuza Rachel VicenteInfectious Diseases Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Centre (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0182-7969
Sarah Santos GonçalvesCenter for Research in Medical Mycology (CIMM), Health Sciences Centre (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), 1468, Marechal Campos Avenue, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 29.040-090, Brazil. sarah.tavares@ufes.br.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4170-4445

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Filamentous fungi are common airborne contaminants in hospitals, posing significant risks to immunocompromised patients. This study assessed the diversity, seasonal distribution, and antifungal susceptibility of airborne filamentous fungi, with a focus on Aspergillus spp., in two inpatient wards of a tertiary hospital in southeastern Brazil. Air samples were collected seasonally from November 2022 to September 2023 using a six-stage Andersen sampler. Fungal isolates were identified based on macro- and micromorphological characteristics, and Aspergillus spp. were further characterised by β-tubulin gene sequencing. In vitro susceptibility to amphotericin B (AMB), itraconazole (ITR), voriconazole (VOR), posaconazole (POS), and anidulafungin (AFG) was evaluated following CLSI guidelines. A total of 583 filamentous fungi were isolated, with Penicillium, Cladosporium and Aspergillus as the most prevalent genera. Fungal concentrations were higher in humidified air and decreased after installation and maintenance of the air-conditioning system. Fourteen Aspergillus species were identified across eight sections, including emerging and cryptic taxa such as A. subramanianii, A. sclerotiorum and A. alboviridis. Resistance to ITR was detected in one isolate of A. fumigatus and one of A. flavus, while isolates from emerging species of the section Circumdati exhibited elevated MICs for AMB and triazoles. All isolates demonstrated low AFG MECs. The study highlights the importance of routine environmental surveillance and antifungal susceptibility testing in hospital settings. The detection of potentially resistant Aspergillus species in hospital air emphasises the need to enhance ventilation, monitoring, and diagnostic capabilities to mitigate the risks of healthcare-associated fungal infections.

Indexed as

Air MicrobiologyAir Pollution, IndoorAntifungal AgentsFungiAmphotericin BAnidulafunginAspergillusBrazilDrug Resistance, FungalHospitalsHumansItraconazoleMicrobial Sensitivity TestsTriazolesVoriconazoleAmphotericin BAnidulafunginAntifungal AgentsItraconazoleTriazolesVoriconazoleair-conditioning systemsAzole resistanceCryptic speciesEnvironmental surveillance

Identifiers

PMID41793475
PMCPMC12967635

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.