Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41793324›Full record

ArticleObesity (Silver Spring, Md.)2026

Physical Fitness Cut-Points for Early Detection of Obesity Risk in Preschool Children.

Maria Herrada-Robles, Idoia Labayen, José Castro-Piñero, Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno, Miguel A Rojo-Tirado, Diego Moliner-Urdiales, Joaquín Sanchís-Moysi, Josep Vidal-Conti, German Vicente-Rodriguez, Grant R Tomkinson and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Maria Herrada-RoblesDepartment of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1284-3296
Idoia LabayenDepartment of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Institute for Sustainability & Food Chain Innovation, Pamplona, Spain.
José Castro-PiñeroGALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain. Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain.
Vicente Martínez-VizcaínoEdificio Melchor Cano, Centro de Estudios Socio-Sanitarios, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6121-7893
Miguel A Rojo-TiradoLFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3217-7786
Diego Moliner-UrdialesLIFE Research Group, Universitat Jaume I, Castellon, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9868-3396
Joaquín Sanchís-MoysiDepartment of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6602-7087
Josep Vidal-ContiPhysical Activity and Sport Sciences Research Group (GICAFE), Faculty of Education, University of the Balearic Islands, Institute for Educational Research and Innovation (IRIE), Palma, Spain.
German Vicente-RodriguezCIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4303-4097
Grant R TomkinsonAlliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Allied Health and Human Performance, Adelaide University, Adelaide, Australia.
Cristina Cadenas-SanchezDepartment of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4513-9108

Funding

Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición CB22/03/00058European Association for the Study of Obesity - Novo Nordisk Foundation NNF23SA0083955European Regional Development FundHORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions 101028929Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMinisterio de Universidades FPU22/01366Ramón y Cajal RYC-2011-09011Universidad de Zaragoza JIUZ-2014-BIO-08
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study aimed to establish cut-points for cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and speed-agility and to evaluate their ability to detect general and central obesity risk in preschool children aged 3-5 years.

methodsBriefly, 3179 Spanish preschoolers (52.8% boys) were evaluated. Physical fitness was assessed with the PREFIT battery. Anthropometry included BMI and waist circumference. Obesity risk was defined using age- and sex-specific percentiles according to criteria established by the World Health Organization and the International Diabetes Foundation. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used to identify fitness cut-points.

resultsAge- and sex-specific cut-points were established. For cardiorespiratory fitness, cut-points ranged from 9.5 to 23.5 laps in boys and 6.5 to 21.5 in girls across the 3- to 5-year age range. Muscular strength cut-points ranged from z-scores of -1.5 to 2.2 in boys and -1.6 to 1.9 in girls. Speed-agility cut-points ranged from 18.8 to 14.9 s in boys and 19.9 to 15.3 s in girls. Predictive accuracy was moderate-to-high (AUC range: 0.61-0.74 for cardiorespiratory fitness, 0.59-0.80 for strength, 0.49-0.71 for speed-agility).

conclusionsThis study provides fitness cut-points for detecting general and central obesity risk in preschoolers. Early integration of physical fitness assessments into health monitoring may facilitate early identification of obesity risk.

Indexed as

Cardiorespiratory FitnessObesityPhysical FitnessBody Mass IndexChild, PreschoolEarly DiagnosisFemaleHumansMaleMuscle StrengthRisk FactorsROC CurveSpainWaist Circumference

Identifiers

PMID41793324
PMCPMC13116109

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.