Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41792803›Full record

ArticleBMC psychology2026

Mechanisms linking parents' education level to adolescent gaming disorder among Chinese Special School students: serial mediating effects of emotional abuse experience and psychopathy.

Zhan Thor Tuo, Ming Milano Li, Dianshi Moses Li, Qinru Ruby Ju, Yingjie Jay Zhao, Yugang Chang, Jianhong Liu

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Zhan Thor TuoCentre for Empirical Legal Studies, Faculty of Law, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-8869-4436
Ming Milano LiFaculty of Health, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-3401-7104
Dianshi Moses LiCentre for Empirical Legal Studies, Faculty of Law, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-3469-2917
Qinru Ruby JuCentre for Empirical Legal Studies, Faculty of Law, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9282-9056
Yingjie Jay ZhaoCentre for Empirical Legal Studies, Faculty of Law, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-7022-2936
Yugang ChangCriminal Investigation School, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-7573-1682
Jianhong LiuFaculty of Law, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China. liujianhong@must.edu.mo.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5278-9283

Funding

The Plano de Investimentos e Despesas de Desenvolvimento da Administração (PIDDA) P-PIDDA-01/FLL/2023
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere is limited research on the predictors of gaming disorder for parents regarding educational background. In particular, research conducted in settings similar to ours has identified gaming disorder as a significant risk factor for behaviors associated with juvenile delinquency.

methodsThis article proposes and tests hypotheses that the father’s and mother’s education levels were related to adolescent gaming disorder in adolescents in Chongqing, China. We used data from a census of Special School students to examine the association between parents’ education and adolescent gaming addiction. The participants were 378 Special School students (10.6% female, aged 10–18 years). The participants completed the paper-and-pencil questionnaire provided in this study, and 378 questionnaires were returned. Mediation analyses were used to assess both the direct and indirect effects.

resultsThe findings indicated a significant negative and indirect association between higher mother’s education level and adolescent gaming disorder, which is serially mediated by emotional abuse and psychopathy (bp = − .001, p < .05). In contrast, the effect of a father’s education level on adolescent gaming disorders was not statistically significant.

conclusionsPromoting mothers’ education level through educational activities has a positive impact on reducing adolescent gaming disorders. Focusing on women’s education can help alleviate the current situation of adolescent gaming addiction in society.

Indexed as

Adolescent BehaviorAntisocial Personality DisorderEducational StatusEmotional AbuseInternet Addiction DisorderParentsVideo GamesAdolescentChildChinaEast Asian PeopleFemaleHumansMaleMediation AnalysisRisk FactorsEmotional abuseGaming disorderParents’ education levelPsychopathy

Identifiers

PMID41792803
PMCPMC13078018

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.