Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41792677›Full record

SynthesisBMC pediatrics2026

Severity-related association between sleep-disordered breathing and nocturnal enuresis in children and adolescents and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Sida Shao, Qingli Li, Ce Gao, Guowei Si, Zhaokai Zhou, Jiayi Wang, Yakai Liu, Zichao Feng, Maochuan Fan, Zan Xi and 1 more

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Sida Shao *Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University, Xinxiang, 453100, China.
Qingli Li *Department of pediatric, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
Ce GaoDepartment of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University, Xinxiang, 453100, China.
Guowei SiDepartment of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University, Xinxiang, 453100, China.
Zhaokai ZhouDepartment of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
Jiayi WangCollege of paediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 404100, China.
Yakai LiuDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University, Xinxiang, 453100, China.
Zichao FengDepartment of Urology, The First Afiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
Maochuan FanDepartment of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University, Xinxiang, 453100, China.
Zan XiDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University, Xinxiang, 453100, China.
Jianguo WenDepartment of Urology, Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. jgwen@zzu.edu.cn.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82470807
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study aims to explore the association between nocturnal enuresis (NE) and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) through a meta-analysis and evaluate the impact of different SDB severity levels on the occurrence of NE.

methodsThis systematic review and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies were collected from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, including case-control, cohort, or cross-sectional studies. The search included the keywords, ‘Nocturnal Enuresis’ and ‘Sleep Apnea, Obstructive’, from database inception to 17 May 2024, involving children and adolescents aged 5–18 years with clear diagnoses of NE or SDB.

resultsA total of 22 studies (40,296 participants) were included, of which 20 were rated as moderate to high quality. NE patients had a 32.3% (95% CI: 28.3–36.2) SDB prevalence (SWN), while SDB patients had a 24.5% (95% CI: 15.7–33.3) NE prevalence (NWS). The meta-analysis revealed a significant positive NE-SDB association (adjusted OR = 2.85, 95% CI: 2.35–3.45), indicating SDB is an independent NE risk factor. Subgroup analyses showed that both mild SDB (e.g., habitual snoring) and moderate-to-severe SDB (e.g., OSA) were associated with higher NE risk-mild: OR 2.48 (95% CI 1.68–3.67); moderate-to-severe: OR 2.91 (95% CI 2.20–3.86), but the differences between severity strata were not statistically significant (test for subgroup differences P = 0.758).

conclusionThere is an independent positive association between NE and SDB, indicating a high prevalence of SDB among children with NE and, conversely, a high prevalence of NE among children with SDB. Both mild and moderate-to-severe SDB are associated with an increased risk of NE; however, no significant risk gradient was observed across different levels of SDB severity.

Indexed as

Nocturnal EnuresisSleep Apnea SyndromesAdolescentChildHumansPrevalenceRisk FactorsSeverity of Illness IndexChildrenMeta-analysisNocturnal enuresisObstructive sleep apneaSleep-disordered breathing

Identifiers

PMID41792677
PMCPMC13077899

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.