Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41792505›Full record

ArticlePharmaceutical research2026

Fresh 3D Printing of Spanlastics Hydrogel for Drug Delivery Applications In Vitro.

Elom Doe, Abigail Alabi, Leela Raghava Jaidev Chakka, Mohammed Maniruzzaman

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Elom DoePharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing Lab (PharmE3D), Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, 1 University Avenue, University, MS, 38677, USA.
Abigail AlabiDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
Leela Raghava Jaidev ChakkaPharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing Lab (PharmE3D), Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, 1 University Avenue, University, MS, 38677, USA.
Mohammed ManiruzzamanPharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing Lab (PharmE3D), Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, 1 University Avenue, University, MS, 38677, USA. mmaniruz@olemiss.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3373-5586

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo develop a localized delivery implant by integrating doxorubicin loaded spanlastic vesicles within Freeform Reversible Embedding of Suspended Hydrogels (FRESH) printed alginate constructs.

methodsSpanlastics composed of Sorbitan Monostearate (Span60) and an edge activator, Polyethylene sorbitol ester (Tween 80), were prepared by ethanolic injection. Plain and drug-loaded spanlastics were characterized for their physicochemical properties. Vesicles were incorporated into 3D printed sodium alginate hydrogels in 'FRESH' bioprinting process to promote the sustained drug release of doxorubicin which was assessed using dialysis membrane for drug release. In vitro uptake and cytotoxicity were evaluated in MCF7 breast cancer cells.

resultsOptimized formulations produced vesicles of approximately 200 to 300 nm with moderate encapsulation efficiency (33 to 44%) and stability during hydrogel incorporation and printing. Printed depots provided sustained doxorubicin release relative to suspension and reduced MCF7 viability, with preferential intracellular and nuclear localization consistent with doxorubicin activity.

conclusionSpanlastic-loaded FRESH printed alginate implants combine vesicle-mediated cellular delivery with matrix-governed sustained release, supporting their potential as a localized chemotherapy depot for further in vivo validation.

Indexed as

Antibiotics, AntineoplasticDoxorubicinDrug Delivery SystemsHexosesHydrogelsPrinting, Three-DimensionalAlginatesCell SurvivalDelayed-Action PreparationsDrug LiberationGlucuronic AcidHexuronic AcidsHumansMCF-7 CellsAlginatesAntibiotics, AntineoplasticDelayed-Action PreparationsDoxorubicinGlucuronic AcidHexosesHexuronic AcidsHydrogels3D printinganti-cancerFRESHhydrogelsin vitro therapeuticslocalized drug deliveryMCF7spanlastics

Identifiers

PMID41792505
PMCPMC13545044

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.