Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41791794›Full record

ArticleDiabetes/metabolism research and reviews2026

1,5-Anhydroglucitol and Time in Range as Complementary Markers for Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes.

Hang Su, Jiaying Ni, Jingyi Lu, Wei Lu, Wei Zhu, Yufei Wang, Xiaojing Ma, Danfeng Peng, Jian Zhou

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

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0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Hang SuDepartment of Gerontology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Jiaying NiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Jingyi LuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Wei LuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Wei ZhuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Yufei WangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Xiaojing MaDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.ORCID 0000-0001-9607-161X
Danfeng PengDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.ORCID 0009-0006-6617-139X
Jian ZhouDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.ORCID 0000-0002-1534-2279

Funding

Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2024ZD0532000Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2024ZD0532001Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen SZSM202311019Shanghai Leading Talent Program of Eastern Talent Plan LJ2024121Shenzhen Medical Research Fund C2406002
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsThe potential benefit of integrating continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data with conventional glycaemic indicators in diabetes care remains to be determined. This study aimed to investigate the association between 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), a 1-2 weeks glycaemic marker with monitoring duration comparable to CGM, and diabetic retinopathy (DR). MATERIALS AND

methodsThe cross-sectional study included 5491 adults with type 2 diabetes. Participants were stratified by serum 1,5-AG levels (< 6.0 μg/mL, 6.0-10.0 μg/mL, and ≥ 10.0 μg/mL). Time in range (TIR) and glucose variability measures, including standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), and mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions (MAGE), were calculated from CGM data.

resultsOverall, the median serum 1,5-AG level was 3.4 (1.7-7.1) μg/mL, with a DR prevalence of 25.3% (n = 1387). The prevalence of DR increased with descending 1,5-AG levels (p for trend < 0.001). Compared to patients with 1,5-AG levels ≥ 10.0 μg/mL (reference), the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for DR was 1.64 (95% CI 1.35-2.01) in individuals with 1,5-AG < 6.0 μg/mL. In subgroup analyses stratified by TIR tertiles (< 58%, 58%-80%, and ≥ 80%), low 1,5-AG levels remained significantly associated with an elevated risk of DR in both the highest (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.09-1.91) and middle TIR tertiles (OR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.13-2.42). Regarding CGM-derived glucose variability metrics, while CV and SD were associated with DR in the overall population, none of MAGE, CV, or SD was significantly associated with DR in the highest TIR tertile.

conclusionsSerum 1,5-AG is significantly associated with the prevalence of DR in type 2 diabetes. For patients with TIR ≥ 80%, 1,5-AG may reveal additional risk of DR.

Indexed as

BiomarkersDeoxyglucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic RetinopathyAgedBlood GlucoseContinuous Glucose MonitoringCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGlycated HemoglobinHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosis1,5-anhydroglucitolBiomarkersBlood GlucoseDeoxyglucoseGlycated Hemoglobin1,5‐anhydroglucitolcontinuous glucose monitoringdiabetic retinopathytime in rangetype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41791794
PMCPMC12965829

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.