Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41791371›Full record

ArticleCell reports methods2026

Projection targeting with phototagging to study the structure and function of retinal ganglion cells.

Martin O Bohlen, Andra M Rudzite, Tierney B Daw, Genevieve M Kuczewski, Ergi Spiro, Cassie Hammond, Darienne R Rogers, Alejandro Gallego-Ortega, Michael B Manookin, Suva Roy and 3 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports methods, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Martin O BohlenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Andra M RudziteDepartment of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Tierney B DawDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Genevieve M KuczewskiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Ergi SpiroCenter for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Cassie HammondDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Darienne R RogersDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Alejandro Gallego-OrtegaJules Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Michael B ManookinDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Suva RoyDepartment of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA; John A. Moran Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
Kimberly RitolaDepartment of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
Marc A SommerDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Greg D FieldDepartment of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Jules Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Electronic address: gregfield@ucla.edu.

Funding

Function, diversity, and circuitry of parallel retinal ganglion cell pathwaysR01EY027323 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Michael B Manookin · 2018 to 2026
$3.9M
NEI NIH HHS R01 EY027323
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding the structure-function relationships across neurons is challenging, particularly when circuits are composed of dozens of distinct cell types. We refined an approach, called "projection targeting with phototagging", that allows simultaneous elucidation of the projections, morphology, and visual response properties of diverse retinal ganglion cell (RGC) types in the mammalian retina. The approach combines retrograde virally mediated phototagging of RGCs, microscopy, and large-scale multi-electrode array (MEA) measurements. Importantly, the approach does not rely on transgenic animals and thus is potentially generalizable across species. We validated this approach in rats by targeting retinal projections to the superior colliculus (SC). We showed that multiple RGC types project to the SC and that these results in rats align well with prior findings from transgenic mouse studies.

Indexed as

OptogeneticsRetinal Ganglion CellsAnimalsRatsSuperior ColliculiVisual PathwaysAAVCP: neurosciencemulti-electrode arrayoptogeneticsoptotaggingratretinasuperior colliculus

Identifiers

PMID41791371
PMCPMC13030990

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.