ArticleScience immunology2026
Modulating AP-1 enables CAR T cells to establish an intratumoral stemlike reservoir and overcomes resistance to PD-1 blockade.
Article in Science immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Barriers and Blueprints: Next-Generation Engineering Strategies for CAR-T Cell Therapy in Gastrointestinal Tumors.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- KLF4 overexpression in CAR T cells enhances antitumor potency by preventing exhaustion.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Modulating AP-1 enables CAR T cells to establish an intratumoral stemlike reservoir and overcomes resistance to PD-1 blockade.Science immunology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
28 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy has shown limited synergy with immune checkpoint inhibitors, but the mechanisms underlying resistance remain unclear. Stemlike T cells coexpressing programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and T cell factor 1 (TCF1) mediate responses to PD-1-PD-L1 (programmed death ligand 1) blockade and are maintained by major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-dependent interactions with dendritic cells in lymphoid tissues. Because CAR T cells recognize intact antigen rather than peptide-MHC, their activation is restricted to tumors, potentially limiting maintenance of this critical subset. In murine models of lung cancer, CAR T cells down-regulated TCF1, became exhausted, and were not enhanced by PD-L1 blockade. Overexpression of the transcription factor c-Jun increased intratumoral PD-1
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.