Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41790890›Full record

ArticleScience advances2026

Rigid-flexible heptazine-biguanide frameworks enable fast electron delocalization and low-steric-hindrance ammonium-ion storage.

Wenyan Du, Yehui Zhang, Hui Duan, Yaokang Lv, Ziyang Song, Lihua Gan, Mingxian Liu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Wenyan DuShanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.ORCID 0009-0008-1695-1878
Yehui ZhangShanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.ORCID 0009-0001-9198-2825
Hui DuanShanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.ORCID 0009-0009-2473-7561
Yaokang LvCollege of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Rd., Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.ORCID 0000-0002-0077-9048
Ziyang SongState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.ORCID 0009-0006-7510-5159
Lihua GanShanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.ORCID 0000-0002-3652-8822
Mingxian LiuShanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.ORCID 0000-0002-9517-2985

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Polymer anodes solve the solubility issue of small molecules while offering structure-function merits compared with inorganics for superior ammonium-ion batteries (AIBs), but current research focuses either on rigid polymers for rapid ion transport or flexible ones for high active-site utilization. Here, we design polymeric heptazine-biguanide frameworks (HBFs) via integrating planar three-electron meleme and rotated four-electron chlorhexidine linkers, which harness the advantages of rigid heptazine and flexible biguanide while alleviating their respective shortcomings. Heptazines afford fast electron delocalization, and biguanide chains reduce steric hindrances, leading to ultrahigh utilization of imine sites (99.6%) and ultralow activation energy (0.15 electron volts) in HBFs. Septuple hydrogen-bonded NH

Identifiers

PMID41790890
PMCPMC12965313

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.