ArticlePloS one2026
The rehabilitation experiences, individual and combined effects of cognitive and physical rehabilitation on health and social outcomes in older athletes: A scoping review protocol.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundEvidence indicates that combined cognitive and physical rehabilitation can yield substantial improvements in health and social outcomes within the general aging population. However, the specific effects of such interventions on older athletes, who often exhibit enhanced resilience due to their competitive training backgrounds, remain inadequately explored.
objectivesThis study aims to describe the treatment regime (frequency, intensity, time/duration, and type of volume and progression of rehab) and components of cognitive and physical rehabilitation interventions, describe their combined effects on health and social outcomes and explore older athletes' experiences with these interventions.
methodsWe will conduct a systematic scoping review following the five stages of the Arksey and O'Malley Framework. The search strategy will be developed in collaboration with a health and rehabilitation librarian, and searched in multiple data bases: MedLine, Web of Science, ProQuest, EBM Reviews, JBI EBP, Embase, APA PsychInfo, and Social Services Abstracts. Multiple reviewers will screen titles and abstracts, followed by full-text assessments in COVIDENCE, utilizing predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Articles will be included if participants were older athletes who actively engage in organized sports, characterized by regular competition and systematic training, and who have undergone cognitive and physical rehabilitation interventions. Data extraction will occur in pairs, focusing on relevant information to fulfill the study objectives. The pilot testing of all components-titles, abstracts, full texts, and data extraction protocols-will be conducted prior to the main review process. We will categories the physical and cognitive interventions using as frequency, intensity, time/duration, type of volume, progression of rehabilitation, and type of exercise. Additionally, data on intervention effects, including effect size and mean differences, will be summarized narratively. The experiences of the older athletes would be thematically analyzed. DISCUSSION: This scoping review will provide valuable information for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers to develop combined physical and cognitive rehabilitation programs tailored to the distinct physiological, cognitive and social needs of older athletes.
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