ArticleMolecular biology reports2026
HepG2 cells stimulated by THP-1-conditioned medium: a potential in vitro model of systemic inflammation-induced hepatic alterations.
Article in Molecular biology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundChronic inflammatory diseases are associated with qualitative and quantitative changes in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, including high density lipoproteins (HDLs), increasing patients´ susceptibility to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular mortality. Given the liver's central role in lipoprotein metabolism and systemic inflammation, we aimed to develop and investigate an in vitro model of inflammation-induced hepatic metabolic changes. METHODS AND
resultsTo better approximate in vivo conditions, where systemic inflammation exposes the liver to a complex environment rich in cytokines and inflammatory mediators, we exposed human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells to conditioned media (CM) from THP-1-derived macrophages using phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The effect of CM on mRNA expression in HepG2 was tested by quantitative real-time PCR or protein expression by Western blot analysis. Even short-term exposure to CM (2-4 h) led to a significant change in the mRNA expression of inflammatory genes and several transcription factors (e.g., TNF-α, NF-κB, PPARα, and LRH-1). This change was accompanied by alternations in the expression of lipoprotein-associated genes at different time points (e.g. SAA, LDLr, ApoA1, ABCA1, PON1, and PCSK9). After 24 h of exposure, no effect on HepG2 viability was observed.
conclusionIn our model, we observed several significant inflammation-induced changes in hepatic lipoprotein metabolism, making it a valuable in vitro system for further mechanistic studies.
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