Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41790258›Full record

ArticleJournal of neurology2026

Digital monitoring of disease activity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

P C G Molenaar, D J de Jong, S N Hof, P van Oirschot, I G Bucur, K H Lam, B Moraal, T M Heskes, V de Groot, B M J Uitdehaag and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

P C G MolenaarMS Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. p.c.g.molenaar@amsterdamumc.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4735-539X
D J de JongMS Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
S N HofMS Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
P van OirschotSherpa B.V., Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
I G BucurInstitute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
K H LamMS Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
B MoraalMS Center Amsterdam, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
T M HeskesInstitute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
V de GrootDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
B M J UitdehaagMS Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
B A de JongMS Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J W R TwiskDepartment of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
E M M StrijbisMS Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J KillesteinMS Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Funding

Biogen Unrestricted fundingHealth Holland, Top Sector Life Sciences and Health Grant No. LSHM16060-SGFStichting MS Research Grant No. 16-946 MS
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDigital monitoring shows promise for detecting disease activity in people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (PwRRMS). Here, we study associations between digital biomarkers for cognition and walking ability and radiological disease activity.

methodsIn a prospective, 1-year cohort study, PwRRMS performed the smartphone-based symbol digit modalities test (sSDMT) and 2-min walk test (s2MWT) on weekly basis. MRIs and the clinical SDMT (cSDMT), expanded disability status scale (EDSS), timed 25-foot walk (T25FW) and nine-hole peg test (NHPT) were collected at baseline and every 3 months. Associations were determined using logistic generalized estimating equations. For the digital measures, associations were also analyzed using a hybrid model and were repeated with values from 6 weeks before and after MRI.

resultsWe included 57 PwRRMS. The sSDMT was negatively associated with contrast-enhancing lesions (CELs) (OR DISCUSSION: Digital biomarkers show to be capable of measuring changes in individuals when inflammation is detectable on MRI, with the sSDMT additionally capturing changes 6 weeks prior to the MRI, suggesting that early identification of inflammation using these biomarkers may be possible.

Indexed as

Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-RemittingAdultDigital HealthDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesSmartphoneWalk TestDigital biomarkersDisease activityGadolinium-enhancing lesionsMRIRelapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis

Identifiers

PMID41790258
PMCPMC12966240

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.