Observational studyEuropean journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society2026
Beyond facial injury: prognostic utility of maxillofacial trauma scores in the emergency department.
Observational study in European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeTo evaluate the prognostic utility of two widely used maxillofacial trauma scoring systems (MFTSs) -the Facial Injury Severity Score (FISS) and Maxillofacial Injury Severity Score (MFISS)- in adult multiple trauma patients in the emergency department (ED).
methodsThis prospective observational study was conducted in the ED of a tertiary care hospital between 01.08.2020 and 01.08.2021. A total of 124 MFT patients aged ≥ 18 years with at least one concomitant injury to another organ system were included. FISS and MFISS were calculated for each patient. The associations between scores and coexisting injuries, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality were analyzed. Predictive performance for mortality was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
resultsHigher FISS scores were significantly associated with intracranial injuries, including subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), cranial fractures, and pneumocephalus (all p < 0.01), as well as with pneumothorax, rib fractures, ICU admission, and mortality (all p ≤ 0.004). MFISS scores were significantly higher in patients with SAH, while a negative association was observed between MFISS and abdominal injuries (p = 0.043). ROC analysis demonstrated good predictive performance for mortality, with areas under the curve of 0.820 for FISS and 0.758 for MFISS (both p < 0.01).
conclusionsFISS and MFISS are associated with clinically meaningful outcomes and may serve as practical tools for early risk stratification and prognostic assessment in the ED among adult multiple trauma patients with maxillofacial injuries.
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