ArticlePrimary health care research & development2026
Life satisfaction and subjective well-being in urban slums of Gorakhpur, India: psychometric validation of the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) and socio-demographic assessment.
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Abstract
backgroundLife satisfaction, a core component of subjective well-being, has not been comprehensively explored among urban slum populations. This study aimed to psychometrically assess the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and examine socio-demographic correlates of life satisfaction among adults in Gorakhpur, India.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 406 participants (52.5% male, 47.5% female) selected through multistage random sampling across eight urban slums in Gorakhpur. Eligible individuals were aged 18 years or above and residents of the selected slum areas. Data were collected using a pre-validated version of the SWLS and a structured socio-demographic questionnaire, administered via the EpiCollect5 through face-to-face interviews. Descriptive and comparative analyses were used to assess group differences across socio-demographic variables.
resultsThe SWLS showed good internal consistency (
conclusionThe findings highlight the importance of gender, family structure and dietary habits as key socio-cultural correlates of life satisfaction in urban slum communities. The presence of moderate satisfaction levels despite material hardship highlights the need for context-sensitive well-being frameworks and community-informed interventions in similar low-resource settings.
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