ArticleFrontiers in aging2026
Obesity and low lean mass are associated with dysregulated IGFBP-3, inflammatory biomarkers, and physical impairment in older adult women with frailty.
Article in Frontiers in aging, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Prior studies indicate sex-specific obesity-frailty interactions, with postmenopausal estrogen decline increasing sarcopenic obesity risk and inflammation in women. This study evaluated circulating cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α), adipokines (adiponectin, resistin), myokines (GDF-15, BDNF, myostatin), health-related biomarkers (IGF-1, IGFBP-3), and physical performance (five-times chair stand, grip strength) in pre-frail and frail older adult women classified as having low appendicular lean mass (LALM), obesity, or obesity plus LALM. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, community-dwelling women aged ≥65 years from São Paulo, Brazil were screened (July 2022-September 2023); among 280 eligible, 88 met Fried frailty criteria. Body composition was assessed by DXA and participants were categorized as LALM (<20th percentile of residuals, -1.45), obesity (body mass index, BMI ≥30 kg/m Results: Among 88 frail women (72.7% pre-frail and 27.3% frail), obesity plus LALM showed lower IGFBP-3 and higher GDF-15 vs. LALM (P Conclusion: Among pre-frail and frail older adult women, obesity-with or without low lean mass-was associated with adverse metabolic/inflammatory profiles (higher resistin, GDF-15, insulin; lower IGFBP-3) in full and frail-only analyses, alongside a trend toward slower chair-stand performance. These cross-sectional findings highlight obesity-frailty interactions, warranting prospective validation.
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