Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41789252›Full record

ArticleCriminology & criminal justice : the international journal of policy and practice2026

'They don't do nothing': Exploring marginalized people who use drugs' experiences with and expectations of private security officers.

Rachel Geldart, Carolyn Greene, Marta-Marika Urbanik, Katharina Maier

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Criminology & criminal justice : the international journal of policy and practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Rachel GeldartUniversity of Alberta, Canada.
Carolyn GreeneAthabasca University, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4073-4263
Marta-Marika UrbanikUniversity of Alberta, Canada.
Katharina MaierThe University of Winnipeg, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Private security guards are increasingly supplementing public police in the policing of urban parks. In the context of this expansion, little is known about how people who frequent and depend on access to these spaces, such as street-involved people who use drugs, view and experience private security. Drawing upon 30 interviews and ethnographic observations with unhoused, street-involved people who use drugs in a small Canadian city, findings show that participants held largely neutral views of security. Departing from common perceptions of marginalized people's disdain towards the social control enacted by law enforcement actors, participants expected and wanted security officers to actively enhance everyone's safety and well-being. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of this for security's legitimacy, and recommendations for improving how private security engage communities.

Indexed as

Effectivenessexpectationspolicingprivate securityprocedural justice

Identifiers

PMID41789252
PMCPMC12959643

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.