Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41789152›Full record

ArticleNature reviews. Biodiversity2025

Pathogens and planetary change.

Colin J Carlson, Cole B Brookson, Daniel J Becker, Caroline A Cummings, Rory Gibb, Fletcher W Halliday, Alexis M Heckley, Zheng Y X Huang, Torre Lavelle, Hailey Robertson and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature reviews. Biodiversity, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. AI links environmental DNA to human health.Environmental science and ecotechnology · 2026
    Article
  5. Electrochemical lateral flow assay with ELISA-level performance for detecting plant diseases in East Africa.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  6. Changing landscapes, shifting reservoirs: land-use change andApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Colin J CarlsonDepartment of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6960-8434
Cole B BrooksonDepartment of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1237-4096
Daniel J BeckerSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4315-8628
Caroline A CummingsSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.ORCID 0009-0004-0480-6711
Rory GibbCentre for Biodiversity & Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0965-1649
Fletcher W HallidayDepartment of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3953-0861
Alexis M HeckleySchool of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5644-3535
Zheng Y X HuangSchool of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.ORCID 0000-0002-8761-3787
Torre LavelleDepartment of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID 0009-0008-8882-9345
Hailey RobertsonDepartment of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-2988-307X
Amanda Vicente-SantosSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6012-2059
Ciara M WeetsCenter for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.ORCID 0009-0001-3801-5713
Timothée PoisotDépartement de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-0735-5184

Funding

Wellcome Trust 223764
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Emerging infectious diseases, biodiversity loss, and anthropogenic environmental change are interconnected crises with massive social and ecological costs. In this Review, we discuss how pathogens and parasites are responding to global change, and the implications for pandemic prevention and biodiversity conservation. Ecological and evolutionary principles help to explain why both pandemics and wildlife die-offs are becoming more common; why land-use change and biodiversity loss are often followed by an increase in zoonotic and vector-borne diseases; and why some species, such as bats, host so many emerging pathogens. To prevent the next pandemic, scientists should focus on monitoring and limiting the spread of a handful of high-risk viruses, especially at key interfaces such as farms and live-animal markets. But to address the much broader set of infectious disease risks associated with the Anthropocene, decision-makers will need to develop comprehensive strategies that include pathogen surveillance across species and ecosystems; conservation-based interventions to reduce human-animal contact and protect wildlife health; health system strengthening; and global improvements in epidemic preparedness and response. Scientists can contribute to these efforts by filling global gaps in disease data, and by expanding the evidence base for disease-driver relationships and ecological interventions.

Identifiers

PMID41789152
PMCPMC7618822

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.