[Mosquito-borne diseases in the Republic of Djibouti: a review of the literature].

Introduction -Justification: This article is part of a doctoral project that aims to describe the ecology of the mosquitoes present in Djibouti and how they interact with epidemiological dynamics. This study traces the historical evolution of mosquito-borne diseases in Djibouti based on a systematic review of the available scientific literature. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA standards. An exhaustive bibliographic search was conducted on vector-borne diseases (arboviruses and parasitic diseases) transmitted by mosquitoes in the geographical context of the Republic of Djibouti. PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer Nature, and Google Scholar were searched to cover both indexed publications and gray literature. The query syntax combined Boolean operators (AND/OR) and MeSH/relevant entry terms structured around two axes: "French Territory of the Afars and the Issas" and "Djibouti," as well as "Dengue Djibouti," "Malaria Djibouti," etc. Results: In Djibouti, the risk of arbovirus infection is primarily linked to environmental and behavioral risk factors, with a higher risk in urban areas than in rural regions. The scientific literature lists at least six vector-borne diseases transmitted by female mosquito bites. Four of these diseases have been documented in Djibouti: malaria, chikungunya, dengue, and West Nile fever. Rift Valley fever and Zika virus are also mentioned, though there have been no official reports of Zika virus cases in the country to date. Discussion -Conclusion: Mosquito-borne diseases are dominated by malaria and dengue fever. This explains the abundance of data on these two diseases and their vectors. To better understand the health challenges, studies on the characterization of pathogens and other mosquito-borne diseases in Djibouti, as well as on the reporting of clinical signs, are strongly recommended.