ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2026
Hyperthermia-targeted rectal delivery of thermosensitive liposomal doxorubicin via intra-arterial and intravenous administration.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Lyso-thermosensitive liposomal doxorubicin (LTLD) is a thermosensitive nanomedicine designed to release doxorubicin rapidly at mild hyperthermic temperatures. Unlike systemic doxorubicin, which is limited by cardiotoxicity and poor tumor penetration, LTLD enables targeted drug delivery enhanced by localized hyperthermia through heat-triggered release. While LTLD has demonstrated improved drug delivery with tumor-localized hyperthermia, comparative analyses of intravenous (IV) versus intra-arterial (IA) delivery routes for rectal targeting remain unexplored. This study evaluates doxorubicin pharmacokinetics and rectal tissue accumulation following LTLD administration via IV or IA routes, with or without localized rectal hyperthermia in swine, to identify the optimal delivery strategy for maximizing rectal drug concentrations while minimizing systemic exposure. Methods: Eight healthy swine were assigned to four groups: IV LTLD with or without rectal hyperthermia, IA free doxorubicin with hyperthermia, or IA LTLD with hyperthermia. Animals received 30-min drug infusions (0.7 mg/kg) via the jugular vein or by bilateral selective catheterization of the internal iliac arteries. Serial blood samples were collected for 1 hour, followed by post-mortem tissue collection from the rectal wall, heart, and perirectal fat. A custom rectal heating device produced homogeneous localized hyperthermia. Results: IV and IA LTLD combined with localized hyperthermia markedly increased doxorubicin accumulation (µg/g) in rectal tissue (7.45 ± 6.18, 8.41 ± 5.15, respectively) compared with normothermic IV LTLD (0.49 ± 0.16) or hyperthermic IA free-drug controls (0.67 ± 0.46). Plasma AUC Conclusion: Intravenous and intra-arterial LTLD combined with localized rectal hyperthermia produced similar increases in rectal doxorubicin concentrations in a swine model. These findings support the feasibility of integrating thermosensitive liposomal drug delivery with localized rectal hyperthermia and intra-arterial catheter-based delivery.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.