ArticleIndian journal of anaesthesia2026
High-flow oxygen delivery system and oxygen reserve index-guided apnoeic oxygenation versus low-tidal-volume ventilation during robotic flexible ureteroscopy: A retrospective cohort study.
Article in Indian journal of anaesthesia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background and Aims: Robotic flexible ureteroscopy often requires intermittent apnoeic periods to minimise kidney movement and improve surgical conditions. This study evaluated the effectiveness of high-flow oxygenation (HFO) in maintaining oxygenation and preventing desaturation during retrograde flexible ureteroscopy (RFU). Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 62 male patients undergoing robotic RFU: 28 received HFO and 34 served as controls. The HFO group underwent repeated 5-minute apnoeic periods with 100% oxygen delivered at up to 80 L/min. Vital parameters were recorded before and after each apnoeic period. In the control group, the tidal volume was reduced to 250 mL with a respiratory rate of 20 cycles per minute during the robotic phase, and these settings were maintained throughout. Wilcoxon rank-sum test, T-tests, and Fisher's exact test were used to compare the groups. Durbin-Conover test was used for pairwise comparisons. Results: Compared to the HFO group, overall, the control group had slightly higher median end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) levels (43.3 vs 41.6, Conclusion: HFO during robotic ureteroscopy appears effective in maintaining oxygenation and haemodynamic stability while providing a still surgical field. These findings support its integration into clinical practice for procedures requiring controlled apnoea.
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