Outpatient psychotherapeutic treatment of gambling disorder - lessons learned from Bavaria.

Background: Psychotherapeutic interventions are an effective treatment for gambling disorder (GD), yet little is known about their uptake in routine care settings. Using data from the Bavarian Association of Statutory Health Insurance (SHI) Physicians, this study estimates the proportion of patients with disordered gambling behavior receiving psychotherapy, describes their diagnostic characteristics, and outlines treatment patterns. Methods: Adults insured by SHI in Bavaria with a confirmed GD diagnosis (ICD-10: F63.0 G) according to the M2Q criterion (i.e., diagnosis in ≥ 2 out of 4 quarters) who received outpatient care between January 2021 and March 2022 were included. Patients were divided into three groups, comprised of patients with (1) at least one billable encounter with a psychotherapist (PT), (2) at least one billable encounter with a neurologist or psychiatrist but none with a PT, and (3) no billable encounters with either. Groups were compared by age, sex, diagnosed comorbid mental disorders, and service utilization. Key elements of psychotherapy were also analyzed. Results: Of 3,154 patients with disordered gambling behavior, 589 (18.6%) received psychotherapy. This group was younger ( Conclusion: Patients with disordered gambling behavior (according to ICD-10 criteria for F63.0) who receive psychotherapy often have additional mental disorders and higher overall care needs. This highlights the importance of integrated treatment approaches. The frequent use of CBT aligns with evidence-based practice and suggests potentially favorable therapeutic outcomes.