ArticleCureus2026
Antibody-Negative Nivolumab-Induced Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Case Report and Review of Seronegative Presentations.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer therapy but can provoke immune-related neurological complications, including autoimmune encephalitis (AIE). We report a 70-year-old woman who developed AIE after 11 months of adjuvant nivolumab for melanoma. Serial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies revealed a lymphocytic pleocytosis and elevated protein that improved with corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and rituximab. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed evolving bilateral thalamic and periventricular T2/FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) hyperintensities. CSF and serum were negative for paraneoplastic and antineuronal antibodies. Altogether, this case illustrates a late-onset, antibody-negative form of ICI-associated AIE. We also provide a focused review of ICI-associated seronegative AIE presentations, including epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostic approach, management, and prognosis. This report underscores the need for sustained vigilance for AIE throughout the course of ICI therapy and highlights serial CSF cell counts as a useful biomarker for diagnostic support and treatment monitoring.
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Registered trials
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