ArticleJournal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.]2026
Effects of Bleaching Protocols on the Esthetic Outcome and Surface Integrity of Enamel Treated With an Ammonia-Free Silver Fluoride Solution.
Article in Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.], 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the effects of three bleaching protocols on the color stability and surface roughness of enamel previously treated with a water-based, ammonia-free silver fluoride solution (Riva Star Aqua). MATERIALS AND
methodsEighty-eight human enamel/dentin specimens were demineralized and treated with Riva Star Aqua, divided into four groups (n = 22): Control (no bleaching), home bleaching with 15% hydrogen peroxide (HP), in-office bleaching with 40% HP, and laser-activated bleaching with 46% HP. Color differences (ΔE
resultsThe application of Riva Star Aqua caused perceptible discoloration in all groups. Following bleaching, all three active protocols resulted in significant color correction compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The final color differences (ΔE
conclusionBleaching effectively reversed the discoloration caused by ammonia-free silver fluoride. While all tested protocols achieved comparable final color correction, the laser-activated protocol resulted in significantly less alteration of surface roughness than the conventional in-office and at-home bleaching protocols.
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