ArticleAnnals of botany2026
Insights into the genetic bases of differential organ size in cactus flowers: a case study in two contrasting species.
Article in Annals of botany, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsDevelopmental genetic studies in model species have unveiled genes that modulate organ size. The roles of homologues of these genes in angiosperms with complex ontogenies such as the 'flower shoots' of Cactaceae have not yet been analysed. Here we present histological, cellular and transcriptome analysis from flower buds in two developmental stages for two cactus species with contrasting flowers: Disocactus speciosus and D. eichlamii.
methodsAnalyses of cell area, cell number and overall tepal size from floral buds were performed to determine if differential cell proliferation and expansion occurred. We also performed transcriptome analyses derived from size 1 and 2 floral buds and differential gene expression analysis, followed by KEGG enrichment. KEY
resultsComparative histological and cellular analyses in Disocactus tepals indicate that while size 1 cells are similar in size in both species, a prolonged expansion phase takes place in D. speciosus. Transcriptome analyses suggest similar overall expression patterns per size, but differential expression of genes related to tepal growth were documented, like BIG PETALp (BPp), downregulated in size 1 vs size 2 in D. eichlamii. In this species we found BIG BROTHER (BB) was upregulated in size 1 vs size 2. In contrast, in D. speciosus we found two copies of BB, one copy upregulated and the other downregulated, as well as NAC100, which could be related to the final size of the flower in this species.
conclusionsThis study integrates cellular and molecular data related to the development of differential organ size in Cactaceae. We found that a prolonged period of cell proliferation and expansion in D. speciosus tepals in contrast with D. eichlamii tepals seems to correlate with the final size of the flower, while transcriptome analyses point to several differentially expressed genes that should be further investigated through gene expression analyses as well as other reverse genetics approaches.
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