Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41787439›Full record

ArticleBMC urology2026

Utility of prostate-specific antigen density and its correlation with Gleason grade groups: a hospital-based cross-sectional study among patients with prostate-related urinary symptoms at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania.

Ngutunyi Jackson, Edrick Elias, John Igenge, Oscar Ottoman, Subira Matiku, Shaban Idd, Alex Mremi, Cosmas Mbulwa, Jackson Kahima, Benson Kidenya and 1 more

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Article in BMC urology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Ngutunyi JacksonMinistry of Health, Dodoma, Tanzania.
Edrick EliasDepartment of Pathology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania. mtalemwae@gmail.com.
John IgengeDepartment of Urology, Bugando Medical Centre, P.O. Box 1370, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Oscar OttomanDepartment of Pathology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Subira MatikuDepartment of Pathology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Shaban IddDepartment of Pathology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Alex MremiDepartment of Pathology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, P.O. Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania.
Cosmas MbulwaDepartment of Pathology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Jackson KahimaDepartment of Pathology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Benson KidenyaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Peter RambauDepartment of Pathology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAt Bugando Medical Centre, prostate cancer contributes to 39% of all cancers in male patients admitted to the Oncology department, and the majority have high Gleason grades. Although Prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) has been shown to improve the diagnostic accuracy of prostate cancer and to triage patients for prostate biopsy, there is a significant variation across geographical locations.

methodsA hospital-based cross-sectional study among patients with prostate-related urinary symptoms at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania. The study analyzed prostate-specific antigen levels, prostate volume, and total PSA using Maglumi 2000 and a computer system. Histopathological examination involved transrectal biopsy, TURP, and open prostatectomy. The optimal cutoff for PSA density was determined using the receiver operating characteristic curve.

resultsOf the 287 patients, the overall mean age of 71.2 (± 10.2) years. 99 (34.5%) participants were diagnosed with prostate cancer. The area under the curve for prostate-specific antigen density and PSA was 0.9094 (0.8761–0.9426) and 0.8932 (0.8569–0.9295), respectively. The PSAD optimal cut-off was 0.23ng/ml2, giving sensitivity of 86.9% and specificity of 82.4% for prostate cancer prediction. Using this cutoff reduces prostate biopsies by 54.5%. There was a weak positive correlation (Spearman’s rho (ρ) = 0.2456) between prostate-specific antigen density and Gleason grade groups.

conclusionsThe correlation between PSAD and Gleason grade groups observed in this study suggests that higher PSAD is associated with more aggressive cancer. This makes PSAD a valuable tool in guiding biopsy decisions, risk stratification, and treatment planning in patients with prostate-related urinary symptoms.

Indexed as

Prostate-Specific AntigenProstatic NeoplasmsAgedAged, 80 and overCorrelation of DataCross-Sectional StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasm GradingTanzaniaProstate-Specific AntigenCut-off valueGleason scoreProstate cancerProstate-specific antigen density

Identifiers

PMID41787439
PMCPMC13101321

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