Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41787382›Full record

ArticleJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2026

Integrating single-channel EEG neurofeedback into video game-based digital therapeutics for ADHD.

Chenyu Yan, Yuhan Liu, Jiajing Zhao, Mengyi Bao, Qing Zhou, Shang Feng, Haifeng Li, Gang Pan, Lin Yao, Yueming Wang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Chenyu YanDepartment of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases, 3333 Binsheng Rd, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
Yuhan LiuDepartment of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases, 3333 Binsheng Rd, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
Jiajing ZhaoNanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou, China.
Mengyi BaoDepartment of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases, 3333 Binsheng Rd, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
Qing ZhouNanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou, China.
Shang FengSDO Digital Therapeutics Innovation Center, Shanghai, China.
Haifeng LiDepartment of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases, 3333 Binsheng Rd, Hangzhou, 310052, China. 6199005@zju.edu.cn.
Gang PanCollege of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Lin YaoNanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou, China. lin.yao@zju.edu.cn.
Yueming WangNanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou, China.

Funding

Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang 2023C03003National Natural Science Foundation of China 32500952National Natural Science Foundation of China 62336007Starry Night Science Fund of Zhejiang University Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study SN-ZJU-SIAS-002STI 2030-Major Projects 2021ZD0200400Zju-GenSci Children's Health Research and Development Center ZJU-GENSCI2024YB003
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDigital therapeutics have emerged as a promising non-pharmacological intervention for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Personalized adaptation is key to the success of digital therapeutics. However, most existing systems depend solely on observable performance rather than real-time internal attentional state, which lead to misinterpretation or delayed adaptation.

methodsIn this study, we evaluated the effects of a tablet-based attention training game with and without EEG-informed real-time neurofeedback in children with ADHD. Participants were assigned to one of two groups: a neurofeedback group (NFb) in which the game adapted in real time based on single-channel frontal EEG signals and a standard game intervention group without neurofeedback (n-NFb). Attention and cognitive control were assessed before and after a one-month intervention.

resultsAll children showed improvements in attention in both parent report and children's performance in attentional tasks. The NFb group showed greater improvements in hitting accuracy (go trials) and less reductions in inhibition accuracy (no-go trials) than the n-NFb group. Both groups had significantly shorter reaction times after training. EEG analyses revealed greater improvement in attention index during training for NFb group.

conclusionOur findings suggest that video game-based digital therapeutics with EEG-informed real-time neurofeedback can effectively enhance attention in children with ADHD. The results support the potential of using adaptive neurofeedback with portable devices to enhance intervention effects.

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityElectroencephalographyNeurofeedbackVideo GamesAttentionChildFemaleHumansMaleADHDDigital therapeuticsEEGNeurofeedback

Identifiers

PMID41787382
PMCPMC13077906

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.