Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41786889›Full record

ArticleCommunications medicine2026

Reconstructing the pharmacogenomic landscape of psychiatric medication metabolism in the Indian population.

Rajat Garg, S K Saxena, Vibha Singh, Amit Kumar, Sabreen Bashir, Hemender Singh, Nidhi Chahal, Indu Sharma, Varun Sharma

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Article in Communications medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
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1citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Rajat Garg7 Air Force Hospital, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. drrajat19@gmail.com.
S K SaxenaDepartment of Psychiatry, Command Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Vibha Singh7 Air Force Hospital, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Amit KumarDepartment of Psychiatry, Command Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Sabreen BashirDepartment of Community Medicine, Military Hospital Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Hemender SinghNMC Genetics India Private Limited, Gurugram, India.
Nidhi ChahalNMC Genetics India Private Limited, Gurugram, India.
Indu SharmaKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Varun SharmaNMC Genetics India Private Limited, Gurugram, India. sharmavarun840@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6314-4613

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWith the advent of genomic technologies, pharmacogenomics has evolved significantly. Such advancement facilitates comprehensive identification of common and rare alleles crucial for psychiatry treatments, especially in context of Indian psychiatric patients who are genetically diverse and for whom data is limited.

methodsThis study explores the pharmacogenomic spectrum of CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9 genes in an Indian psychiatric cohort of 383 individuals (264 patients, 119 controls) using Axiom PMD Array.

resultsBeyond common phenotypes like CYP2C19 *1/*2, we identified rare functional phenotypes including CYP2C19 *1/*34, CYP2C9 *1/*11 and CYP2D6 *4/*5 that are frequently overlooked in regular screenings. Interestingly, 3% of individuals were identified as most likely non-responders to medications metabolized by these three enzymes, suggesting the importance of platforms that cover both common and rare alleles in populations with high diversity. The study observed 13.26% poor CYP2C19 metabolizers, 2.27% poor CYP2D6 metabolizers, and 3.41% poor CYP2C9 metabolizers in the psychiatric cohort.

conclusionsThe study identifies three percent of the cohort shows compromised metabolism across all three genes, emphasizing that comprehensive screening of common along with rare functional variants is essential for personalized psychiatric treatment in India.

Identifiers

PMID41786889
PMCPMC13086849

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