Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41786830›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Metagenomic analysis reveals rectal microbiota features associated with HIV and behavioral factors in Nigerian men who have sex with men.

R G Nowak, E Gough, J H Holm, F Hu, K Akinyombo, C Okudo, P J Ozumba, E C Jonathan, A B Tiamiyu, A Kokogho and 13 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

R G Nowak *Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
E Gough *Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
J H HolmInstitute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
F HuHenry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.
K AkinyomboInstitute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.
C OkudoInstitute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.
P J OzumbaInstitute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.
E C JonathanInstitute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.
A B TiamiyuU.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research - Africa, Abuja, Nigeria.
A KokoghoU.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research - Africa, Abuja, Nigeria.
S B AdebajoInstitute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
E ShoyemiPopulation Council, Lagos, Nigeria.
S D BaralDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
K LombardiHenry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.
S PeelDiagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
J N LimInstitute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
C A GaydosDivision of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Ave, MFL Center Tower, Suite 381, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
Y C ManabeDivision of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Ave, MFL Center Tower, Suite 381, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
C L SearsDivision of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Ave, MFL Center Tower, Suite 381, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
M ShardellInstitute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
J Ravel *Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
T A Crowell *Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Susan Tuddenham *Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Ave, MFL Center Tower, Suite 381, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA. studden1@jhmi.edu.

Funding

TrainingU54EB007958 · NIBIB · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Yukari C Manabe · 2007 to 2026
$34.6M
TRUSTR01MH099001 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI CHARURAT, MANHATTAN E · 2012 to 2014
$2.9M
The rectal microbiome and incident rectal sexually transmitted infectionsR21AI156765 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI TUDDENHAM, SUSAN ANNE · 2021 to 2022
$472k
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases R21AI156765NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI156765NIBIB NIH HHS U54 EB007958NIMH NIH HHS R01MH099001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Emerging data suggest unique features characterize the rectal microbiota of men who have sex with men (MSM) and people living with HIV (PLWH). The microbiota may have important health implications in these groups, but most studies have been conducted in the United States or Europe. This study leveraged metagenomic sequencing to evaluate relationships between rectal microbiota composition and clinical, behavioral and demographic characteristics in a cohort of Nigerian MSM. PLWH with suppressed viral load had lower α-diversity (richness) compared to people without HIV (PWoH), with similar trends for PLWH with an unsuppressed viral load. Lower α-diversity (Shannon) was associated with use of petroleum jelly lubricant for anal sex. Lower relative abundance of the genus Prevotella was seen in PLWH with a suppressed viral load versus PWoH. There were differences in abundance of the top 20 taxa associated with age, HIV status (enhanced in virally suppressed PLWH versus PWoH), lubricant use, receptive anal intercourse, and condom use, suggesting multiple clinical and behavioral factors impact the rectal microbiota. Future characterization of health outcomes associated with the rectal or gut microbiota in MSM and PLWH as well as potential interventional insights will necessitate larger, dedicated studies across diverse geographic locations.

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeHIV InfectionsHomosexuality, MaleMetagenomicsRectumAdultHumansMaleNigeriaSexual BehaviorViral Load

Identifiers

PMID41786830
PMCPMC13079883

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.