ArticleSpinal cord series and cases2026
Bladder management for adults with spinal cord injury in the acute hospital setting: A retrospective study.
Article in Spinal cord series and cases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
STUDY
designRetrospective cohort study.
objectivesThe purpose of this study was to describe bladder management during acute hospitalization for people with SCI and its association with length of hospitalization.
settingAcute hospitals within a single academic health system in the United States of America.
methodsData were extracted from the electronic health record for admissions between September 1, 2021, and September 30, 2023. Bladder management for all admissions was classified as either indwelling urinary catheter (IUC), clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), IUC and CIC, or no catheter. The relationship between bladder management, injury type, and length of stay was examined using a mixed effects linear regression model.
resultsThe final sample included 1169 unique patients and 1652 admissions. Half (49.7%) of admissions required no urinary catheter. The IUC-only group comprised 18.9% of admissions while CIC and the combined IUC and CIC groups comprised 15.7% of admissions. Most admissions (84.3%) included a single bladder management strategy. Up to 63.1% of the combined IUC and CIC group implemented a trial of CIC more than once during the admission. Both IUC and CIC management was associated with a significant increase in hospital stay of 10.7 days (95% CI [5.3, 16.1], P < 0.001) for those with a cervical injury.
conclusionThese results provide valuable information about existing care patterns that can guide future quality improvement initiatives to enhance bladder management early after SCI.
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