Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41786253›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons2026

Population-level cancer trends among solid organ transplant recipients in the United States during 1995-2021.

Eric A Engels, David Castenson, Qianlai Luo, Meredith S Shiels, Ajay Israni, Jie Li, Margaret M Madeleine, Karen Pawlish, Daniela Ramirez Aguilar, Yun Zeng and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Eric A EngelsDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Electronic address: engelse@exchange.nih.gov.
David CastensonInformation Management Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Qianlai LuoDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Meredith S ShielsDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Ajay IsraniDepartment of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
Jie LiCancer Epidemiology Services, New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, New Jersey, USA.
Margaret M MadeleinePublic Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Karen PawlishCancer Epidemiology Services, New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, New Jersey, USA.
Daniela Ramirez AguilarArkansas Central Cancer Registry, Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock, Arizona, USA.
Yun ZengNorth Dakota Statewide Cancer Registry, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota.
Ruth M PfiefferDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA.

Funding

CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH STUDY (CHS) - TASK AREA C, STUDY CLOSEOUT75N92021D00006 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI PSATY, BRUCE · 2021 to 2024
$8.4M
NTP INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUPPORT27305C0011 · NIEHS · Z-TECH CORPORATION · 2007 to 2009
$4.3M
Infections, immunity, and inflammation in cancerZ01CP010150 · NCI · DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS · PI ENGELS, ERIC A · 2000 to 2008
$3.0M
PROVIDE RABBITS, RATS, MICE, HAMSTERS, GERBILS, GUINEA PIGS27307C0011 · NIEHS · PI BOLEN, WAYNE · 2007 to 2007
$500k
Developmental Neurotoxicity Human Neurosphere Assay Data Collection - task order 175N96021D00006 · NIEHS · LEIBNIZ-INSTITUT FUR UMWELTMEDIZINISCHE FORSCHUNG AN DER HEINRICH-HEINE UIVERSITY · PI FRITSCHE, ELLEN · 2021 to 2021
$370k
CLC NIH HHS 75N90021D00009Intramural NIH HHS Z01 CP010150NCCDPHP CDC HHS NU58DP007160NCCDPHP CDC HHS U58 DP000807NCCDPHP CDC HHS U58 DP000824NCCDPHP CDC HHS U58 DP000848NCCDPHP CDC HHS U58 DP003875NCCDPHP CDC HHS U58 DP003921NCCDPHP CDC HHS U58 DP003933NCI NIH HHS HHSN261201000034CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201000035CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201000035INCI NIH HHS HHSN261201000036CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201000037CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800002BNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800002CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800004CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800006INCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800012CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800012INCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800013CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800013INCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800014CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800014INCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800016CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800016INCI NIH HHS N01 PC035137NCI NIH HHS N01 PC035139NCI NIH HHS N01 PC035143NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92021D00006NIEHS NIH HHS 27305C0011NIEHS NIH HHS 27307C0011NIEHS NIH HHS 27398C0011NIEHS NIH HHS 75N96021D00006NIEHS NIH HHS 75N96021D00009NIH HHS 75N92021D00009NIH HHS 75N98021D00006NLM NIH HHS 75N97021D00006ORFDO NIH HHS 75N99021D00009
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) experience elevated cancer risk from immunosuppression and underlying medical conditions. Medical management has improved over time, and SOTRs are living longer. We used registry data covering 693,718 SOTRs in the United States (US) to evaluate population-level cancer trends during 1995-2021. Compared with SOTRs in 1995-2003, those in 2013-2021 were living at older ages and were followed at a longer time since their transplant. Based on 65,081 cancers, cancer incidence in SOTRs was higher during 2013-2021 than 1995-2003 (unadjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.29; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.26-1.32). However, cancer incidence was lower in 2013-2021 after adjustment for age (IRR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.91-0.95) and multivariable adjustment (0.93, 0.90-0.96). Results for the 6 most common cancer types showed varying trends during 1995-2021. Overall cancer incidence was higher in SOTRs than in the US general population during 1995-2021 and, most recently, in 2013-2021 (standardized incidence ratio, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.64-1.67). In conclusion, after accounting for age, there was an encouraging decline in cancer incidence among US SOTRs during 1995-2021. However, incidence remained elevated compared with the general population in 2013-2021. Measures are needed to reduce the cancer burden as SOTRs live longer after transplantation and the population ages.

Indexed as

NeoplasmsOrgan TransplantationTransplant RecipientsAdolescentAdultAgedChildChild, PreschoolFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceInfantMaleMiddle AgedPrognosiscancerincidence ratesolid organ transplant recipientsstandardized incidence ratiotrend

Identifiers

PMID41786253
PMCPMC13037663

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.