Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41786023›Full record

ArticleJournal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics2026

Nutrition and Culinary Education in Food Is Medicine Interventions: A Scoping Review.

Lizbeth Moreno Loaeza, Ronit Ridberg, Sydney Yearley, Julia R Sharib, Narmeen Rehman, Francesca Piccolo, Fang Fang Zhang, Dariush Mozaffarian

Abstract readScoping Review
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Lizbeth Moreno LoaezaFood is Medicine Institute, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address: lizbeth.loaeza_moreno@tufts.edu.
Ronit RidbergFood is Medicine Institute, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts.
Sydney YearleyFood is Medicine Institute, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts.
Julia R SharibFood is Medicine Institute, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts.
Narmeen RehmanHarvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Boston, Massachusetts.
Francesca PiccoloMaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, Maine.
Fang Fang ZhangFood is Medicine Institute, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts.
Dariush MozaffarianFood is Medicine Institute, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.

Funding

Cost-Effectiveness of Health System and State-Level Strategies to Improve Diet and Reduce Cardiometabolic DiseasesR01HL115189 · NHLBI · TUFTS UNIVERSITY BOSTON · PI DARIUSH MOZAFFARIAN · 2013 to 2026
$8.2M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL115189
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFood is Medicine (FIM) interventions leverage food-based therapies to address diet-related conditions and disparities. Although nutrition and/or culinary education are recommended, the details and extent of these activities remain unclear.

objectiveTo evaluate the following 5 key educational characteristics within FIM interventions: components, delivery format, setting, frequency, and educators.

methodsUsing Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a scoping review was conducted of FIM interventions (ie, medically tailored meals, groceries, or produce prescriptions) that included an educational component. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and SIREN databases were searched from January 2010 to May 2025. Two investigators independently assessed texts for inclusion and extracted data using standardized methods. Descriptive analysis and narrative synthesis identified patterns and strategies related to educational methods.

resultsOf 5703 articles reviewed, 100 met inclusion criteria, mostly from the United States (n = 91) and focused on adults (n = 84). Forty-one percent of the studies provided 1 educational component, 49% provided 2 to 3, and 10% provided 4 or more. Among 10 major educational components, printed materials (43%), cooking classes (35%), and individual counseling (32%) were most common. Most were delivered in-person (55.3%), followed by virtual (23.9%). Educational settings included virtual platforms (24%), clinics or hospitals (22.4%), and community locations (10.4%). Frequency of activities varied from 1 time to available on-demand; weekly (18.6%) and monthly (17.5%) were most common. Educators were most often registered dietitian nutritionists (23.6%), followed by clinicians (11.3%) and community health care workers (7.7%); 42.6% were unspecified.

conclusionsThese novel results provide a comprehensive characterization of educational components of FIM interventions. Findings highlight common patterns, structural gaps, and opportunities to strengthen the design, implementation, evaluation, and reporting of nutritional and culinary education within FIM.

Indexed as

CookingDieteticsHealth EducationNutritional SciencesHumansCulinary educationFood insecurityFood is MedicineHealth promotionNutrition education

Identifiers

PMID41786023
PMCPMC13435225

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.