Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41784811›Full record

ArticleCurrent microbiology2026

First Evidence of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus and African Swine Fever Virus Natural Co-Infection in Pigs from Karnataka, India: An Epidemiological Investigation.

Jagadish B Hiremath, R Ramamoorthy, M V Bhuvan Bharadwaj, S Ranganatha, Jayachandra H Kempashi, Sharanagouda S Patil, H B Chethankumar, K P Suresh, Shivasharanappa Nayakvadi, S P Satheesha and 4 more

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Article in Current microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Jagadish B HiremathICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. jagsvet@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-3771
R RamamoorthyICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
M V Bhuvan BharadwajICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
S RanganathaKarnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, Karnataka, India.
Jayachandra H KempashiICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Sharanagouda S PatilICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
H B ChethankumarICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
K P SureshICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Shivasharanappa NayakvadiICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
S P SatheeshaKarnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, Karnataka, India.
Siju Susan JacobICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Sathish GowdaICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Divakar HemadriICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Baldev Raj GulatiICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Funding

Indian Council of Agricultural Research ANSCNIVEDISIL202300800148
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study reports a diarrhoeal outbreak in pigs primarily caused by Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus (PEDV), with co-infection of African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV)-a first evidence of natural PEDV-ASFV co-infection in India with outbreak implications. Distinct clinical signs were observed: majority of pigs exhibited profuse yellow watery diarrhoea and vomiting typical of PED, while a few showed high fever, systemic haemorrhages, and coffee-coloured diarrhoea indicative of ASF. The outbreak lasted 25 days and followed a propagated epidemic curve, suggesting pig-to-pig transmission. Epidemiological investigation implicated farm labourers returning from an ASF and PEDV-affected premise in disease introduction. Using case definitions, snowball sampling enabled tracing of five additional affected farms spread across two districts, demonstrating its utility in outbreak mapping under limited cooperation settings. Molecular testing confirmed PEDV and ASFV in sampled pigs from the investigated farm. The presence of PEDV in faecal samples was confirmed using the fluorescent antibody test (FAT) on Vero cell monolayers. Phylogenetic analysis placed PEDV isolates within the G2a genotype, closely related to previously detected Indian strains along with Chinese and South Korean strains, while ASFV aligned with Genotype II, consistent with Indian and East Asian lineages. This co-infection highlights the diagnostic complexity of pig diarrhoeal outbreaks and underscores the need for integrated surveillance and stricter biosecurity.

Indexed as

African Swine FeverAfrican Swine Fever VirusCoinfectionCoronavirus InfectionsPorcine epidemic diarrhea virusSwine DiseasesAnimalsDiarrheaDisease OutbreaksFecesGenotypeIndiaPhylogenySwine

Identifiers

PMID41784811

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.