ArticleEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2026
The causal relationships between childhood-onset asthma and major mental disorders: an MR study.
Article in European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeChildhood-onset asthma is associated with an increased risk of severe mental illnesses later in life. However, the causal relationship between childhood-onset asthma and major mental disorders remains unclear.
methodsA two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to investigate the causal effects of childhood-onset asthma (n = 327,670) on six major mental illnesses, including major depressive disorder (n = 143,265), bipolar disorder (n = 353,899), schizophrenia (n = 130,644), anxiety (n = 10,240), autism (n = 46,350), and ADHD (n = 225,534), using summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, along with the weighted median and the MR-Egger method, was employed to obtain causal estimates. Multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the robustness of the estimates. Additionally, the direct effects of childhood-onset asthma on mental disorders after accounting for the effects of adult-onset asthma were evaluated through the multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis. To eliminate potential reverse causality, a reverse MR analysis was conducted, treating mental disorders as the exposure and childhood-onset asthma as the outcome.
resultsGenetically determined, childhood-onset asthma was significantly associated with an increased risk of depression (IVW OR = 1.059, 95% CI: 1.025-1.095, p = 5.72e-04) and bipolar disorder (IVW OR = 1.065, 95% CI: 1.027- 0.105, p = 6.75e-04). However, it was not associated with other mental disorders. Further MVMR analysis indicated that the causal relationships remained significant after accounting for adult-onset asthma. Interestingly, childhood- and adult-onset asthma exerted distinct causal effects on depression and bipolar disorder. Reverse MR analysis revealed no causal relationships between the six assessed mental disorders and either childhood-onset asthma or the age of asthma onset.
conclusionsThe MR analysis revealed a significant causal relationship between genetically determined, childhood-onset asthma and an elevated risk of depression and bipolar disorder later in life. The causal effects of childhood-onset asthma were distinct from those of adult-onset asthma. Further studies are warranted to investigate the underlying mechanisms of these causal relationships.
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