ArticleSurgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA2026
Morphometric evaluation of the external opening of the carotid canal and its relationships with adjacent skull base landmarks.
Article in Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeThe carotid canal transmits the internal carotid artery through the skull base. The external opening of the carotid canal (EOCC) is frequently used as a reference point in radiological imaging and lateral skull base surgery. However, quantitative data regarding EOCC morphology and its precise spatial relationships with adjacent foramina and bony structures remain limited.
methodsA total of 45 adult dry human skulls (90 sides) were examined. The maximum anteroposterior (APD) and lateromedial diameters (LMD) of the EOCC were measured, and EOCC morphology was classified into three types according to predefined morphometric ratios. The positional relationships of the EOCC were determined relative to the foramen ovale (FO) and the occipital condyle (OC). In addition, linear distances between the EOCC and adjacent anatomical landmarks, including the foramen spinosum, foramen jugulare, zygomatic orifice, mastoid process, and lateral plate of the pterygoid process, were recorded. All morphometric data were obtained using a digital caliper with a precision of 0.01 mm, and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software.
resultsThe most common EOCC configuration was Type 2, characterized by an APD greater than the LMD without exceeding twice the LMD (94.45%). The EOCC was most frequently located in oblique and anterolateral positions relative to the FO and the OC, respectively.
conclusionThe results provide detailed morphometric and positional data on the EOCC and contribute to a more standardized anatomical description of this region. These findings may serve as reference information for anatomical research, radiological evaluation, and surgical planning involving the lateral skull base.
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